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Ocean acidification and warming represent major environmental threats to kelp mariculture. In this study, sporophytic photochemical efficiency and gametophytic growth of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida were evaluated under different pCO(2) levels (360, 720, and 980 ppmv) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees C for sporophytes; 15 and 20 degrees C for gametophytes). Sporophytic photochemical efficiencies of both kelps were significantly greater at 720 ppmv than at 360 and 980 ppmv. Female gametophytes of both kelps grew significantly better at 360 ppmv than at higher pCO(2) levels. The growth of U. pinnatifida gametophytes was significantly greater at 20 degrees C than at 15 degrees C, while no significant difference was observed for the growth of S. japonica. These results indicate that increased pCO(2) stimulated sporophytic photochemical efficiency while inhibited gametophytic growth of these kelps, which might negatively affect their seedling cultivation. U. pinnatifida exhibited higher productivity in warmer ocean than S. japonica.