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DOI | 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.013 |
Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity | |
Haselman, Jonathan T.1; Kosian, Patricia A.1; Korte, Joseph J.1; Olmstead, Allen W.1,2; Degitz, Sigmund J.1 | |
发表日期 | 2018-06-01 |
ISSN | 0166-445X |
卷号 | 199页码:240-251 |
英文摘要 | The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA) is an internationally harmonized testing guideline for evaluating effects of chronic chemical exposure in amphibians. In order to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to an antiandrogenic chemical in an amphibian model, prochloraz was tested using a variation of the LAGDA design. Exposure was initiated with < 1d post-fertilization embryos at nominal concentrations of 0, 6.7, 20, 60 and 180 g/L (0, 18, 53, 159, 478 nM) and continued in flow-through conditions until two months following the median time that controls completed metamorphosis. Growth, developmental rate, circulating thyroid hormone and thyroid gland histopathology were evaluated in a subsample at completion of metamorphosis. There were no effects on growth or development at this stage, but circulating thyroid hormone was elevated in the 20, 60 and 180 mu g/L treatments and minimal to mild thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy was observed histologically in the 180 mu g/L treatment. Growth, overt toxicity, and reproductive development were evaluated at test termination. There were no effects on growth in either gender, but livers and kidneys exhibited treatment-related pathologies consistent with organ toxicity related to metabolism and presumably impaired excretion of prochloraz metabolites. Histological assessments of female ovaries resulted in minimal pathologies only in the 180 g/L treatment while male testes exhibited numerous treatment-related pathologies that are consistent with previously reported antiandrogenic effects of prochloraz in other species. The most severe testis pathologies occurred in the 180 g/L treatment; however, incidences of treatment-related pathologies occurred in all prochloraz treatments. Mullerian duct regression in males was inhibited by prochloraz exposure while MiiHenan duct maturation in females was accelerated, characteristic of a feminizing effect. Gene expression levels of potential biomarkers of testis function were also measured. Relative abundance of cyp17a1 transcripts was generally unaffected by prochloraz exposure whereas the Ins13 orthologue, rficff, was elevated by 3 and > 5 fold in the 60 and 180 mu g/L treatments, respectively, indicating impaired Leydig cell maturation and testosterone signaling. Overall, prochloraz exposure caused effects characteristic of an antiandrogenic mode of action, which is consistent with previously reported results in other species and supports the utility of the LAGDA design for chemical testing. |
英文关键词 | Xenopus laevis;Prochloraz;LAGDA;Endocrine disruption;InsI3;Rflcii;Cyp17 |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000433271600022 |
来源期刊 | AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/58795 |
作者单位 | 1.US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA; 2.Bayer CropSci LP, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Dev North Amer, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Haselman, Jonathan T.,Kosian, Patricia A.,Korte, Joseph J.,et al. Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity[J]. 美国环保署,2018,199:240-251. |
APA | Haselman, Jonathan T.,Kosian, Patricia A.,Korte, Joseph J.,Olmstead, Allen W.,&Degitz, Sigmund J..(2018).Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity.AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY,199,240-251. |
MLA | Haselman, Jonathan T.,et al."Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity".AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 199(2018):240-251. |
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