气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Temperature distribution in the high mountain regions on the Tibetan Plateau

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	Temperature distribution in the high mountain regions on the Tibetan Plateau - Measurement and simulation
	Du, M.; Kawashima, S.; Yonemura, S.; Yamada, T.; Zhang, X.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Gu, S.; Tang, Y.
发表日期	2007
起始页码	2146
结束页码	2152
页码	279-279
英文摘要	The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest and largest plateau on Earth is characterized by very complex terrain and 1/3 of the plateau is over 4800m a.s.l. However, there are no meteorological observatories in the mountain area over 4800m. Ten simple automatic meteorological systems were set on a south facing mountain slope from 4300m to 5530m in the central part of the TP. The observation shows an uniform lapse rate about 0.69 degrees C/100m along the slope, in summertime. The lapse rate is a little bit greater than that of averaged over the TP. However, there is a very lower lapse rate about 0.09 degrees C/100m at lower portion of slope (below 4800m) and a relatively larger lapse rate about 0.9 degrees C/100m at higher portion of the slope in wintertime. Due to strong radiation cooling based on lower humidity and cold air run-off from a higher mountain region into the valley or basin by a local circulation, the air temperature in the valley or basin becomes lower and lower during night in wintertime. This process occurred and a temperature inversion layer exited almost every day during wintertime. The temperature inversion was formed around sunset (before 20: 00 BST, local time is about 2 hours earlier) and developed gradually until next morning. Inversion layer reached to 5100m at about 8: 00 BST and disappeared rapidly after sunrise. The averaged lapse rate for the TP (calculated by using thirty years (1950-1080) mean air temperature of 85 stations) is 0.57 degrees C/100m in July and 0.56 degrees C/100m in January. Our observation shows a greater lapse rate about 0.69 degrees C/100m along the slope in July. This may be the effect of higher temperature between 4400m to 4800m. Our observed lapse rate in winter was completely different from the average due to the existence of temperature inversion. The YSA's (Yamada Science and Art) A2C atmospheric modeling solution (NEW HOTMAC model) is used for illustrating this local circulation. The HOTMAC Model gives very clear result that the local circulation in the mountain has an effect on the vertical profile of air temperature in wintertime. On the other hand, The TP has been considered to be one of the most ecologically fragile and sensitive ecosystems on the earth. Grassland occupies about 50% of the Tibetan Plateau and distribute even to 5200m a.s.l. in high mountain region. An over three times increasing in livestock production in the Tibetan Plateau has occurred since 1978. Historical meteorological data showed that the elevation of air temperature on the Tibetan Plateau is greater than for the whole China and East Asia within the same period. In our observation site, vegetation cover as well as species number and root biomass in the lower part of the slope below 4600m is much lower than that around 5000m. The decrease of species number, vegetation cover and root biomass may be related to the grazing pressure. These may have had effect on the temperature distribution in our observation results such as increasing air temperature in lower part of the slope. Therefore, the lapse rate is a little bit greater than the average in summertime. Meteorological observatories' data on the TP is not ideal for assessing meteorological characteristics in high mountain regions, especially for wintertime. Human activities (mainly grazing) may have great effect on the temperature distribution. Long-term meteorological observation and ecological investigation in high mountain region will be very important in high mountain regions in the future.
关键词	TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL GENERAL-CIRCULATION CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACT
英文关键词	Meteorological characteristics; Mountain; Temperature inversion; Tibetan Plateau
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Computer Science ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Computer Science, Information Systems ; Ecology ; Environmental Sciences ; Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000290030702029
来源期刊	MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/55725
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Du, M.,Kawashima, S.,Yonemura, S.,et al. Temperature distribution in the high mountain regions on the Tibetan Plateau - Measurement and simulation[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2007:279-279.
APA	Du, M..,Kawashima, S..,Yonemura, S..,Yamada, T..,Zhang, X..,...&Tang, Y..(2007).Temperature distribution in the high mountain regions on the Tibetan Plateau - Measurement and simulation.MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY,279-279.
MLA	Du, M.,et al."Temperature distribution in the high mountain regions on the Tibetan Plateau - Measurement and simulation".MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY (2007):279-279.