气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Critical material requirements and recycling opportunities for US wind and solar power generation

CCPortal

DOI	10.1111/jiec.13479
	Critical material requirements and recycling opportunities for US wind and solar power generation
	Lee, Tessa; Yao, Yuan; Graedel, Thomas E.; Miatto, Alessio
发表日期	2024
ISSN	1088-1980
EISSN	1530-9290
英文摘要	The deployment of renewable energy generation technologies, driven primarily by concerns over catastrophic climate change, is expected to increase rapidly in the United States. Rapid increases in the deployment of wind and solar energy will translate to increases in critical material requirements, causing concern that demand could outstrip supply, leading to mineral price volatility and potentially slowing the energy transition. This study presents a detailed demand-side model for wind and solar in the United States using dynamic material flow analysis to calculate the requirements for 15 elements: Cr, Zn, Ga, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Te, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, and Pb. Results show that transitioning to a completely decarbonized US energy system by 2050 could require a five-to-sevenfold increase in critical material flow-into-use compared with business as usual (BAU), with some materials requiring much larger increases. Rare earth elements (REEs) could require 60-300 times greater material flows into the US power sector in 2050 than in 2021, representing 13%-49% of the total global REE supply. Te requirements for reaching net zero by 2050 could exceed current supply, posing challenges for widespread deployment of cadmium-telluride solar. We also investigate several strategies for reducing material requirements, including closed-loop recycling, material intensity reduction, and changing market share of subtechnologies (e.g., using crystalline silicon solar panels instead of cadmium telluride). Although these strategies can significantly reduce critical material requirements by up to 40% on average, aggressive decarbonization will still require a substantial amount of critical material.
英文关键词	critical materials; energy transition; industrial ecology; material flow analysis; solar panels; wind turbines
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Engineering ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:001191245100001
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/300181
作者单位	Yale University; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lee, Tessa,Yao, Yuan,Graedel, Thomas E.,et al. Critical material requirements and recycling opportunities for US wind and solar power generation[J],2024.
APA	Lee, Tessa,Yao, Yuan,Graedel, Thomas E.,&Miatto, Alessio.(2024).Critical material requirements and recycling opportunities for US wind and solar power generation.JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY.
MLA	Lee, Tessa,et al."Critical material requirements and recycling opportunities for US wind and solar power generation".JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2024).