气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan

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DOI	10.1007/s11356-018-1519-z
	Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan
	Qaisar, Faizan Ur Rehman; Zhang, Fan; Pant, Ramesh Raj; Wang, Guanxing; Khan, Sardar; Zeng, Chen
通讯作者	Zhang, F (通讯作者)
发表日期	2018
ISSN	0944-1344
EISSN	1614-7499
起始页码	12749
结束页码	12763
卷号	25 期号:13
英文摘要	The Indus River Basin (IRB) with an area of 139,202 km(2) is the lifeline river basin of Pakistan. An intensive study was conducted in six subcatchments of the IRB with five in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) and one of the Lower Indus Basin (LIB; between Tarbela Dam and Panjand), i.e., the Gilgit River Basin (UIB-I), Hunza River Basin (UIB-II), UIB-III, UIB-IV and UIB-V, and LIB. A total of 84 surface water samples were collected from main stream and tributaries from June to August, 2016. The pH, electric conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ, whereas major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3-) and Si were analyzed in the laboratory. The results exhibited alkaline pH (8.55 +/- 0.20) with diverse TDS (114.69 +/- 77.65 mg L-1) and ion concentrations that were characterized primarily by the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type in the whole basin. The average TDS in the UIB and LIB were 93.99 +/- 39.73 and 181.67 +/- 167.82 mg L-1, respectively, under the influence of the arid to semi-arid climatic conditions and relatively higher anthropogenic interference in LIB compared to the UIB. The order of dominant major cations was different in the UIB and LIB, reflecting the diverse nature of geological formation. Gibbs plot, mixing diagrams, and ionic ratios were used to identify the controlling mechanism of river geochemistry in the IRB as carbonate weathering in general with different degrees of silicate weathering and minor contribution by evaporite dissolution. In addition, principal component/factor analysis also indicated that the major sources of dissolved loads in the basin are carbonates followed by silicates. Significant influences of silicate minerals were observed in the LIB, and there was a large contribution of evaporites in the UIB-II, UIB-III, and LIB. The suitability assessment showed that the river water fits the WHO permissible limits for drinking purposes from the perspective of major ions, whereas for irrigation purposes, most of the samples exhibited excellent and good levels except for a couple of permissible and doubtful levels from the Sawan and Deratang tributaries in the LIB, which may deteriorate the quality of soil and degrade the water quality downstream.
关键词	MAJOR-ION CHEMISTRY EXTREME ARID REGION SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATIONS TIBETAN PLATEAU TRACE-ELEMENTS SEASONAL-VARIATIONS CENTRAL HIMALAYAS CO2 CONSUMPTION RISK-ASSESSMENT HEAVY-METALS
英文关键词	Indus River Basin; Geochemistry; Spatial variation; Source identification; Controlling factors; Water quality
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000431883500049
来源期刊	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/259297
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Qaisar, Faizan Ur Rehman,Zhang, Fan,Pant, Ramesh Raj,et al. Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2018,25(13).
APA	Qaisar, Faizan Ur Rehman,Zhang, Fan,Pant, Ramesh Raj,Wang, Guanxing,Khan, Sardar,&Zeng, Chen.(2018).Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,25(13).
MLA	Qaisar, Faizan Ur Rehman,et al."Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 25.13(2018).