气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes

CCPortal

DOI	10.1038/s41559-022-01701-6
	Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes
	Scott A.; Reinhold S.; Hermes T.; Kalmykov A.A.; Belinskiy A.; Buzhilova A.; Berezina N.; Kantorovich A.R.; Maslov V.E.; Guliyev F.; Lyonnet B.; Gasimov P.; Jalilov B.; Eminli J.; Iskandarov E.; Hammer E.; Nugent S.E.; Hagan R.; Majander K.; Onkamo P.; Nordqvist K.; Shishlina N.; Kaverzneva E.; Korolev A.I.; Khokhlov A.A.; Smolyaninov R.V.; Sharapova S.V.; Krause R.; Karapetian M.; Stolarczyk E.; Krause J.; Hansen S.; Haak W.; Warinner C.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	2397-334X
英文摘要	Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic–Caspian steppe zone between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe pastoralist societies arose and spread, ultimately influencing populations from Europe to Inner Asia. However, little is known about their economic foundations and the factors that may have contributed to their extensive mobility. Here, we investigate dietary proteins within the dental calculus proteomes of 45 individuals spanning the Neolithic to Greco-Roman periods in the Pontic–Caspian Steppe and neighbouring South Caucasus, Oka–Volga–Don and East Urals regions. We find that sheep dairying accompanies the earliest forms of Eneolithic pastoralism in the North Caucasus. During the fourth millennium bc, Maykop and early Yamnaya populations also focused dairying exclusively on sheep while reserving cattle for traction and other purposes. We observe a breakdown in livestock specialization and an economic diversification of dairy herds coinciding with aridification during the subsequent late Yamnaya and North Caucasus Culture phases, followed by severe climate deterioration during the Catacomb and Lola periods. The need for additional pastures to support these herds may have driven the heightened mobility of the Middle and Late Bronze Age periods. Following a hiatus of more than 500 years, the North Caucasian steppe was repopulated by Early Iron Age societies with a broad mobile dairy economy, including a new focus on horse milking. ? 2022, The Author(s).
语种	英语
来源期刊	Nature Ecology & Evolution
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/257205
作者单位	Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany; Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany; ’Nasledie’ Cultural Heritage Unit, Stavropol, Russian Federation; Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Archaeology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Humanitarian and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; PROCLAC/UMR 7192 Laboratory, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Paris, France; Near E...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Scott A.,Reinhold S.,Hermes T.,et al. Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes[J],2022.
APA	Scott A..,Reinhold S..,Hermes T..,Kalmykov A.A..,Belinskiy A..,...&Warinner C..(2022).Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes.Nature Ecology & Evolution.
MLA	Scott A.,et al."Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes".Nature Ecology & Evolution (2022).