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DOI	10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.024
	Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment
	Maharjan, Linda; Kang, Shichang; Tripathee, Lekhendra; Gul, Chaman; Zheng, Huijun; Li, Quanlian; Chen, Pengfei; Rai, Mukesh; Santos, Ewerton
通讯作者	Tripathee, L (通讯作者)，Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. ; Tripathee, L (通讯作者)，Himalayan Environm Res Inst, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1001-0742
EISSN	1878-7320
起始页码	1
结束页码	15
卷号	112
英文摘要	Much attention is drawn to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an air pollutant due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, to understand the levels, seasonality, sources and potential health risk of PAHs in two distinct geographical locations at Karachi and Mardan in Pakistan, total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected for over one year period. The average total PAH concentrations were 31.5 +/- 24.4 and 199 +/- 229 ng/m(3) in Karachi and Mardan, respectively. The significantly lower concentration in Karachi was attributed to diffusion and dilution of the PAHs by the influence of clean air mass from the Arabian sea and high temperature, enhancing the volatilization of the particle phase PAHs to the gas phase. Conversely, the higher concentration (6 times) in Mardan was due to large influence from local and regional emission sources. A clear seasonality was observed at both the sites, with the higher values in winter and post-monsoon due to higher emissions and less scavenging, and lower values during monsoon season due to the dilution effect. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis indicated that PAHs in both sites originated from traffic and mixed combustion sources (fossil fuels and biomass). The average total BaP equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) in Karachi and Mardan were 3.26 and 34 ng/m(3) , respectively, which were much higher than the WHO guideline of 1 ng/m(3) . The average estimates of incremental lifetime cancer risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq via inhalation indicated a risk to human health from atmospheric PAHs at both sites. (C) 2021 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
关键词	AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS HYDROCARBONS PAHS SOURCE APPORTIONMENT URBAN AIR SOURCE IDENTIFICATION KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CRYOSPHERIC CHANGE CARCINOGENIC RISK
英文关键词	Total suspended particle; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sources; Human health risk
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000740441700001
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/254293
作者单位	[Maharjan, Linda; Kang, Shichang; Tripathee, Lekhendra; Gul, Chaman; Zheng, Huijun; Li, Quanlian; Chen, Pengfei; Rai, Mukesh] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China; [Maharjan, Linda; Kang, Shichang; Zheng, Huijun; Rai, Mukesh] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Kang, Shichang] Chinese Acad Sci CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plate, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China; [Tripathee, Lekhendra] Himalayan Environm Res Inst, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; [Gul, Chaman] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Reading Acad, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Santos, Ewerton] Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Quim, BR-49100000 Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Maharjan, Linda,Kang, Shichang,Tripathee, Lekhendra,et al. Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2022,112.
APA	Maharjan, Linda.,Kang, Shichang.,Tripathee, Lekhendra.,Gul, Chaman.,Zheng, Huijun.,...&Santos, Ewerton.(2022).Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment.JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,112.
MLA	Maharjan, Linda,et al."Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment".JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 112(2022).