气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteran Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera)

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2105272118
	Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteran Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera)
	Kamsoi O.; Ventos-Alfonso A.; Casares F.; Almudi I.; Belles X.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:34
英文摘要	In the Paleozoic era, more than 400 Ma, a number of insect groups continued molting after forming functional wings. Today, however, flying insects stop molting after metamorphosis when they become fully winged. The only exception is the mayflies (Paleoptera, Ephemeroptera), which molt in the subimago, a flying stage between the nymph and the adult. However, the identity and homology of the subimago still is underexplored. Debate remains regarding whether this stage represents a modified nymph, an adult, or a pupa like that of butterflies. Another relevant question is why mayflies have the subimago stage despite the risk of molting fragile membranous wings. These questions have intrigued numerous authors, but nonetheless, clear answers have not yet been found. By combining morphological studies, hormonal treatments, and molecular analysis in the mayfly Cloeon dipterum, we found answers to these old questions. We observed that treatment with a juvenile hormone analog in the last nymphal instar stimulated the expression of the Kr-h1 gene and reduced that of E93, which suppress and trigger metamorphosis, respectively. The regulation of metamorphosis thus follows the MEKRE93 pathway, as in neopteran insects. Moreover, the treatment prevented the formation of the subimago. These findings suggest that the subimago must be considered an instar of the adult mayfly. We also observed that the forelegs dramatically grow between the last nymphal instar, the subimago, and the adult. This necessary growth spread over the last two stages could explain, at least in part, the adaptive sense of the subimago. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Insect development; Insect endocrinology; Insect evolution; Insect metamorphosis
语种	英语
scopus关键词	insect protein; juvenile hormone; transcription factor; animal; Ephemeroptera; gene expression regulation; genetics; growth, development and aging; metabolism; metamorphosis; molting; nymph; pupa; wing; Animals; Ephemeroptera; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Insect Proteins; Juvenile Hormones; Metamorphosis, Biological; Molting; Nymph; Pupa; Transcription Factors; Wings, Animal
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/251044
作者单位	Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, 41013, Spain
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kamsoi O.,Ventos-Alfonso A.,Casares F.,et al. Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteran Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera)[J],2021,118(34).
APA	Kamsoi O.,Ventos-Alfonso A.,Casares F.,Almudi I.,&Belles X..(2021).Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteran Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(34).
MLA	Kamsoi O.,et al."Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteran Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera)".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.34(2021).