气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics

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DOI	10.1038/s41561-021-00863-5
	Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics
	Ulrich T.; Gabriel A.-A.; Madden E.H.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1752-0894
卷号	15 期号:1
英文摘要	Megathrust faults host the largest earthquakes on Earth, which can trigger cascading hazards such as devastating tsunamis. Determining characteristics that control subduction-zone earthquake and tsunami dynamics is critical to mitigate megathrust hazards but is impeded by structural complexity, large spatio-temporal scales and scarce or asymmetric instrumental coverage. Here we use high-performance computing multi-physics simulations to show that tsunami genesis and earthquake dynamics are controlled by along-arc variability in regional tectonic stresses together with depth-dependent variations in rigidity and yield strength of near-fault sediments. We aim to identify dominant regional factors controlling megathrust hazards. To this end, we demonstrate how to unify and verify the required initial conditions for geometrically complex, multi-physics earthquake–tsunami modelling from interdisciplinary geophysical observations. We present large-scale computational models of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami that reconcile near- and far-field seismic, geodetic, geological, and tsunami observations and reveal tsunamigenic trade-offs between slip to the trench, splay faulting and bulk yielding of the accretionary wedge. Our computational capabilities render possible the incorporation of present and emerging high-resolution observations into dynamic-rupture-tsunami models and will be applicable to other large megathrust earthquakes. Our findings highlight the importance of regional-scale structural heterogeneity to decipher megathrust hazards. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	earthquake; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; faulting; heterogeneity; rigidity; tsunami; Greater Sunda Islands; Indian Ocean; Sumatra; Sunda Isles
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/250804
作者单位	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States; Observatório Sismológico, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ulrich T.,Gabriel A.-A.,Madden E.H.. Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics[J],2022,15(1).
APA	Ulrich T.,Gabriel A.-A.,&Madden E.H..(2022).Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics.Nature Geoscience,15(1).
MLA	Ulrich T.,et al."Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics".Nature Geoscience 15.1(2022).