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| DOI | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118602 |
| Characterization of exhaled particle deposition and ventilation in an indoor setting | |
| Eilts S.M.; Li L.; Pope Z.C.; Hogan C.J. | |
| 发表日期 | 2021 |
| ISSN | 1352-2310 |
| 卷号 | 262 |
| 英文摘要 | Exhalation of infectious micrometer-sized particles has been strongly implicated in respiratory infection spread. An important fundamental question is then the fate of infectious exhaled particles in indoor spaces, i.e., whether they will remain suspended in an aerosol until ventilation leads to their clearance or whether they will deposit, and if so, on what surfaces in an indoor space. We investigated the interplay between deposition and ventilation using model experiments with a breathing simulator manikin in an office environment. The breathing simulator utilized physiologically correct exhalation and inhalation breathing waveforms as well as an anatomically correct manikin. The simulator output fluorescein-doped particles with a volume distribution spanning the 1–3 μm range. The office environment was a 344 m3 room equipped with desks. Four different test conditions were created by changing the simulator location and via different air change rates and MERV ratings of filters in the HVAC system. We found that the rate of ventilation exceeds the rate of deposition on all surfaces (quantified by Stanton numbers, which were below unity) with several important exceptions: (1) surfaces close to (within 2 m of) the simulator; and (2) non-passive surface exteriors (return grilles and diffusers). A detectable decrease in Stanton number with distance suggests that the room environment cannot be approximated as truly well-mixed. The finding of enhanced deposition on non-passive surfaces at all distances from the room highlights that infectious particles may preferentially deposit on such surfaces in indoor spaces. Finally, while our results highlight particular surfaces with enhanced deposition, our results confirm the importance of ventilation in a room as a means to reduce infectious aerosol particle concentrations, as in large part the clearance for particles appears to occur by ventilation. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd |
| 关键词 | Airborne virus transmissionFomiteIndoor airParticle depositionVentilation |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| scopus关键词 | Aerosols; Climate models; Deposits; Physiological models; Simulators; Viruses; Airborne virus transmission; Fomite; Indoor air; Indoor space; Micrometer sized particles; Micrometre-sized particles; Office environments; Particles depositions; Passive surfaces; Stanton numbers; Ventilation; fluorescein; concentration (composition); detection method; indoor air; instrumentation; performance assessment; simulation; simulator; ventilation; air conditioning; ambient air; Article; atmospheric deposition; exhalation; indoor environment; inhalation; nonhuman; surface property; virus inactivation; waveform |
| 来源期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
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| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248289 |
| 作者单位 | University of Minnesota, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, United States |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Eilts S.M.,Li L.,Pope Z.C.,et al. Characterization of exhaled particle deposition and ventilation in an indoor setting[J],2021,262. |
| APA | Eilts S.M.,Li L.,Pope Z.C.,&Hogan C.J..(2021).Characterization of exhaled particle deposition and ventilation in an indoor setting.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,262. |
| MLA | Eilts S.M.,et al."Characterization of exhaled particle deposition and ventilation in an indoor setting".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 262(2021). |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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