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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118701
	Metal concentration, source, and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in children's bedrooms: Rural versus urban areas
	Jung C.-C.; Wang J.-H.; Chang W.-H.; Chen C.-Y.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	264
英文摘要	The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the metal characteristics, sources, and health risks of children's exposure to PM2.5 and related metals in children's bedrooms in urban and rural areas. PM2.5 personal environmental monitoring samplers were used to collect both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 in urban and rural areas in Taiwan. Al, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Source apportionment of metals in PM2.5 was carried out with factor analysis (FA). Health risk assessment of metals was performed on children via inhalation. The average indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 11.9 ± 5.2 μg/m3 and 11.9 ± 4.7 μg/m3 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The most predominant metal indoors in urban areas was Al, followed by Zn, Pb, Mn, V, Cr, and Cd, with a similar result in rural areas. The results from FA indicated that traffic emission and oil combustion in the outside environment were major pollution sources to indoor Mn, V, and Zn; corrosion of building material could be a contributor to Al, Cd, and Pb; pollution sources were different to Cr in two areas. The carcinogenic risk for indoor Cr(VI) via inhalation was higher in urban areas (boy: 6.61E-06; girl: 6.18E-06) than that in rural areas (boy: 2.80E-06; girl: 2.62E-06). These findings will help us to further understand the pollution sources, health risks, and control strategies for metals in PM2.5 in children's bedrooms for reducing adverse health effects, including in rural areas. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Children Indoor air quality Metal Rural Urban
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air quality; Chromium compounds; Health; Health risks; Indoor air pollution; Mass spectrometry; Risk assessment; Rural areas; Child; Factors analysis; Health risk assessments; Indoor air quality; Metal concentrations; PM$-2.5$; Pollution sources; Urban; Urban and rural areas; Urban areas; Metals; aluminum; cadmium; chromium; lead; manganese; metal; oil; vanadium; zinc; combustion; concentration (composition); construction material; corrosion; factor analysis; indoor air; monitoring system; risk assessment; rural area; urban area; air pollution; ambient air; Article; carcinogenicity; child; child health; combustion; concentration (parameter); control strategy; controlled study; corrosion; factor analysis; female; health hazard; human; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; male; particulate matter 2.5; PM2.5 exposure; risk assessment; rural area; traffic; urban area; Taiwan
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248232
作者单位	Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, School of Safety and Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Occupational Environment and Food Safety Research Center, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jung C.-C.,Wang J.-H.,Chang W.-H.,et al. Metal concentration, source, and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in children's bedrooms: Rural versus urban areas[J],2021,264.
APA	Jung C.-C.,Wang J.-H.,Chang W.-H.,&Chen C.-Y..(2021).Metal concentration, source, and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in children's bedrooms: Rural versus urban areas.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,264.
MLA	Jung C.-C.,et al."Metal concentration, source, and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in children's bedrooms: Rural versus urban areas".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 264(2021).