气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-7271-2020
	The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
	Henne S.; Reimann S.; Vollmer M.K.; Mühle J.; Weiss R.F.; Salameh P.K.; Harth C.M.; Manning A.J.; Krummel P.B.; Fraser P.J.; Paul Steele L.; Mitrevski B.; Wang R.H.J.; Prinn R.G.; Park S.; Park M.-K.; Park H.; Stanley K.M.; Graziosi F.; Maione M.; Arduini J.; Arnold T.; Rennick C.; Arnold T.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	7271
结束页码	7290
卷号	20 期号:12
英文摘要	We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of 7.3±0.6 Gg yr-1 in 2008 and over the past decade emissions have continued to increase by about 24% to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr-1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries (non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5-5 Gg yr-1 (1990-2018) between our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36% and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate. © 2020 Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmospheric chemistry; concentration (composition); emission control; emission inventory; greenhouse gas; molecular analysis; source apportionment; sulfur compound; China; South Korea; Western Europe
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247700
作者单位	Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland; Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, Australia; School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, Institute of A...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Henne S.,Reimann S.,Vollmer M.K.,et al. The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)[J],2020,20(12).
APA	Henne S..,Reimann S..,Vollmer M.K..,Mühle J..,Weiss R.F..,...&Arnold T..(2020).The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,20(12).
MLA	Henne S.,et al."The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 20.12(2020).