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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-4431-2021
	10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models
	Evangeliou N.; Balkanski Y.; Eckhardt S.; Cozic A.; Van Damme M.; Coheur P.-F.; Clarisse L.; Shephard M.W.; Cady-Pereira K.E.; Hauglustaine D.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	4431
结束页码	4451
卷号	21 期号:6
英文摘要	In recent years, ammonia emissions have been continuously increasing, being almost 4 times higher than in the 20th century. Although an important species, as its use as a fertilizer sustains human living, ammonia has major consequences for both humans and the environment because of its reactive gas-phase chemistry that makes it easily convertible to particles. Despite its pronounced importance, ammonia emissions are highly uncertain in most emission inventories. However, the great development of satellite remote sensing nowadays provides the opportunity for more targeted research on constraining ammonia emissions. Here, we used satellite measurements to calculate global ammonia emissions over the period 2008 2017. Then, the calculated ammonia emissions were fed to a chemistry transport model, and ammonia concentrations were simulated for the period 2008 2017. The simulated concentrations of ammonia were compared with ground measurements from Europe, North America and Southeastern Asia, as well as with satellite measurements. The satellite-constrained ammonia emissions represent global concentrations more accurately than state-of-theart emissions. Calculated fluxes in the North China Plain were seen to be more increased after 2015, which is not due to emission changes but due to changes in sulfate emissions that resulted in less ammonia neutralization and hence in larger atmospheric loads. Emissions over Europe were also twice as much as those in traditional datasets with dominant sources being industrial and agricultural applications. Four hot-spot regions of high ammonia emissions were seen in North America, which are characterized by high agricultural activity, such as animal breeding, animal farms and agricultural practices. South America is dominated by ammonia emissions from biomass burning, which causes a strong seasonality. In Southeastern Asia, ammonia emissions from fertilizer plants in China, Pakistan, India and Indonesia are the most important, while a strong seasonality was observed with a spring and late summer peak due to rice and wheat cultivation. Measurements of ammonia surface concentrations were better reproduced with satellite-constrained emissions, such as measurements from CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder). © 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ammonia; atmospheric chemistry; concentration (composition); emission; satellite imagery; transport process; China; China; Europe; India; Indonesia; North America; North China Plain; Pakistan
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247039
作者单位	Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Kjeller, Norway; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France; Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Evangeliou N.,Balkanski Y.,Eckhardt S.,et al. 10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models[J],2021,21(6).
APA	Evangeliou N..,Balkanski Y..,Eckhardt S..,Cozic A..,Van Damme M..,...&Hauglustaine D..(2021).10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(6).
MLA	Evangeliou N.,et al."10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.6(2021).