气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018

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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-7149-2021
	Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018
	Espen Yttri K.; Canonaco F.; Eckhardt S.; Evangeliou N.; Fiebig M.; Gundersen H.; Hjellbrekke A.-G.; Lund Myhre C.; Matthew Platt S.; Prevot A.S.H.; Simpson D.; Solberg S.; Surratt J.; Tørseth K.; Uggerud H.; Vadset M.; Wan X.; Aas W.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	7149
结束页码	7170
卷号	21 期号:9
英文摘要	We present 18 years (2001-2018) of aerosol measurements, including organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), organic tracers (levoglucosan, arabitol, mannitol, trehalose, glucose, and 2-methyltetrols), trace elements, and ions, at the Birkenes Observatory (southern Norway) - a site representative of the northern European region. The OC=EC (2001-2018) and the levoglucosan (2008-2018) time series are the longest in Europe, with OC=EC available for the PM10, PM2:5 (fine), and PM10-2:5 (coarse) size fractions, providing the opportunity for a nearly 2-decade-long assessment. Using positive matrix factorization (PMF), we identify seven carbonaceous aerosol sources at Birkenes: mineraldust- dominated aerosol (MIN), traffic/industry-like aerosol (TRA/IND), short-range-transported biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOASRT), primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP), biomass burning aerosol (BB), ammoniumnitrate- dominated aerosol (NH4NO3), and (one low carbon fraction) sea salt aerosol (SS). We observed significant (p < 0:05), large decreases in EC in PM10 (-3:9%yr-1) and PM2:5 (-4:2%yr-1) and a smaller decline in levoglucosan (-2:8%yr-1), suggesting that OC=EC from traffic and industry is decreasing, whereas the abatement of OC=EC from biomass burning has been slightly less successful. EC abatement with respect to anthropogenic sources is further supported by decreasing EC fractions in PM2:5 (-3:9%yr-1) and PM10 (-4:5%yr-1). PMF apportioned 72% of EC to fossil fuel sources; this was further supported by PMF applied to absorption photometer data, which yielded a two-factor solution with a low aerosol ngstr m exponent (AAED0.93) fraction, assumed to be equivalent black carbon from fossil fuel combustion (eBCFF), contributing 78% to eBC mass. The higher AAE fraction (AAED2.04) is likely eBC from BB (eBCBB). Source-receptor model calculations (FLEXPART) showed that continental Europe and western Russia were the main source regions of both elevated eBCBB and eBCFF. Dominating biogenic sources explain why there was no downward trend for OC. A relative increase in the OC fraction in PM2:5 (C3:2%yr-1) and PM10 (C2:4%yr-1) underscores the importance of biogenic sources at Birkenes (BSOA and PBAP), which were higher in the vegetative season and dominated both fine (53 %) and coarse (78 %) OC. Furthermore, 77 %-91% of OC in PM2:5, PM10-2:5, and PM10 was attributed to biogenic sources in summer vs. 22 %- 37% in winter. The coarse fraction had the highest share of biogenic sources regardless of season and was dominated by PBAP, except in winter. Our results show a shift in the aerosol composition at Birkenes and, thus, also in the relative source contributions. The need for diverse offline and online carbonaceous aerosol speciation to understand carbonaceous aerosol sources, including their seasonal, annual, and long-term variability, has been demonstrated. © 2021 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol composition; chemical composition; elemental carbon; ion; organic carbon; source apportionment; temporal variation; trace element; trend analysis; Norway
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/246899
作者单位	NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2027, Norway; Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, 5232, Switzerland; EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, 0371, Norway; Dept. Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; Datalystica Ltd., Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Espen Yttri K.,Canonaco F.,Eckhardt S.,et al. Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2021,21(9).
APA	Espen Yttri K..,Canonaco F..,Eckhardt S..,Evangeliou N..,Fiebig M..,...&Aas W..(2021).Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(9).
MLA	Espen Yttri K.,et al."Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.9(2021).