气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Evolution of life in urban environments

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DOI	10.1126/science.aam8327
	Evolution of life in urban environments
	Johnson M.T.J.; Munshi-South J.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	0036-8075
卷号	358 期号:6363
英文摘要	Our planet is an increasingly urbanized landscape, with over half of the human population residing in cities. Despite advances in urban ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects the evolution of organisms, nor how this evolution may affect ecosystems and human health. Here, we review evidence for the effects of urbanization on the evolution of microbes, plants, and animals that inhabit cities. Urbanization affects adaptive and nonadaptive evolutionary processes that shape the genetic diversity within and between populations. Rapid adaptation has facilitated the success of some native species in urban areas, but it has also allowed human pests and disease to spread more rapidly. The nascent field of urban evolution brings together efforts to understand evolution in response to environmental change while developing new hypotheses concerning adaptation to urban infrastructure and human socioeconomic activity. The next generation of research on urban evolution will provide critical insight into the importance of evolution for sustainable interactions between humans and our city environments. © 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	animal; environmental change; evolutionary biology; genetic variation; microorganism; native species; nature-society relations; plant; resident population; socioeconomic conditions; sustainability; urban ecosystem; urbanization; adaptation; animal; environmental change; evolution; gene flow; gene mutation; genetic drift; genetic variability; health; human; life; mating; microorganism; native species; natural selection; nonhuman; plant; population dispersal; priority journal; Review; urban area; urbanization; city; city planning; disease carrier; environmental protection; genetic selection; genetics; health; mutation; symbiosis; Animalia; Animals; Biological Evolution; Cities; City Planning; Conservation of Natural Resources; Disease Vectors; Gene Flow; Genetic Drift; Health; Humans; Mutation; Plants; Selection, Genetic; Symbiosis; Urbanization
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/244188
作者单位	Department of Biology, Center for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Johnson M.T.J.,Munshi-South J.. Evolution of life in urban environments[J],2017,358(6363).
APA	Johnson M.T.J.,&Munshi-South J..(2017).Evolution of life in urban environments.Science,358(6363).
MLA	Johnson M.T.J.,et al."Evolution of life in urban environments".Science 358.6363(2017).