气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches

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DOI	10.1126/science.1070315
	Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches
	Grant P.R.; Grant B.R.
发表日期	2002
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	707
结束页码	711
卷号	296 期号:5568
英文摘要	Evolution can be predicted in the short term from a knowledge of selection and inheritance. However, in the long term evolution is unpredictable because environments, which determine the directions and magnitudes of selection coefficients, fluctuate unpredictably. These two features of evolution, the predictable and unpredictable, are demonstrated in a study of two populations of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos island of Daphne Major. From 1972 to 2001, Geospiza fortis (medium ground finch) and Geospiza scandens (cactus finch) changed several times in body size and two beak traits. Natural selection occurred frequently in both species and varied from unidirectional to oscillating, episodic to gradual. Hybridization occurred repeatedly though rarely, resulting in elevated phenotypic variances in G. scandens and a change in beak shape. The phenotypic states of both species at the end of the 30-year study could not have been predicted at the beginning. Continuous, long-term studies are needed to detect and interpret rare but important events and nonuniform evolutionary change.
英文关键词	Biodiversity; Genes; Evolution; Natural sciences; bird; evolution; hybridization; natural selection; article; evolution; genetic selection; genetic variability; geography; inheritance; natural selection; nonhuman; oscillation; phenotype; population structure; priority journal; species difference; Animals; Beak; Body Constitution; Climate; Ecosystem; Ecuador; Evolution; Female; Food; Genetics, Population; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Phenotype; Sampling Studies; Seeds; Selection (Genetics); Sex Ratio; Songbirds; Time Factors; Variation (Genetics); Ecuador; Aves; Cactaceae; Daphne; Fringillidae; Geospiza; Geospiza fortis; Geospiza scandens
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/243857
作者单位	Department of Ecology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Grant P.R.,Grant B.R.. Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches[J],2002,296(5568).
APA	Grant P.R.,&Grant B.R..(2002).Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches.Science,296(5568).
MLA	Grant P.R.,et al."Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches".Science 296.5568(2002).