气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon

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DOI	10.1126/science.1092779
	Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon
	Andreae M.O.; Rosenfeld D.; Artaxo P.; Costa A.A.; Frank G.P.; Longo K.M.; Silva-Dias M.A.F.
发表日期	2004
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	1337
结束页码	1342
卷号	303 期号:5662
英文摘要	Heavy smoke from forest fires in the Amazon was observed to reduce cloud droplet size and so delay the onset of precipitation from 1.5 kilometers above cloud base in pristine clouds to more than 5 kilometers in polluted clouds and more than 7 kilometers in pyro-clouds. Suppression of low-level rainout and aerosol washout allows transport of water and smoke to upper levels, where the clouds appear "smoking" as they detrain much of the pollution. Elevating the onset of precipitation allows invigoration of the updrafts, causing intense thunderstorms, large hail, and greater likelihood for overshooting cloud tops into the stratosphere. There, detrained pollutants and water vapor would have profound radiative impacts on the climate system. The invigorated storms release the latent heat higher in the atmosphere. This should substantially affect the regional and global circulation systems. Together, these processes affect the water cycle, the pollution burden of the atmosphere, and the dynamics of atmospheric circulation.
英文关键词	Air pollution; Atmospheric aerosols; Climatology; Fires; Forestry; Rain; Smoke; Thunderstorms; Upper atmosphere; Water; Forest fires; Water vapors; Clouds; rain; water; cloud droplet; forest fire; hydrometeorology; precipitation (climatology); smoke; aerosol; article; atmosphere; climate; cloud; fire; forest; heat; pollutant; pollution; precipitation; priority journal; smoke; stratosphere; water vapor; Amazonia; South America
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/242843
作者单位	Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, CEP 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Univ. Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Avenida Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60740-000, Brazil; CPTEC-INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 40, CEP 12630-000, C. P., Sao Paulo, Brazil; Depto. de Ciencias Atmosfericas, Inst. Astron., Geofis./Cie. Atmosf., Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 1226, CEP 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Andreae M.O.,Rosenfeld D.,Artaxo P.,et al. Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon[J],2004,303(5662).
APA	Andreae M.O..,Rosenfeld D..,Artaxo P..,Costa A.A..,Frank G.P..,...&Silva-Dias M.A.F..(2004).Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon.Science,303(5662).
MLA	Andreae M.O.,et al."Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon".Science 303.5662(2004).