气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2103875118
	Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants
	Antonini E.G.A.; Caldeira K.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:27
英文摘要	When wind turbines are arranged in clusters, their performance is mutually affected, and their energy generation is reduced relative to what it would be if they were widely separated. Land-area power densities of small wind farms can exceed 10 W/m2, and wakes are several rotor diameters in length. In contrast, large-scale wind farms have an upper-limit power density in the order of 1 W/m2 and wakes that can extend several tens of kilometers. Here, we address two important questions: 1) How large can a wind farm be before its generation reaches energy replenishment limits and 2) How far apart must large wind farms be spaced to avoid inter-wind-farm interference? We characterize controls on these spatial and temporal scales by running a set of idealized atmospheric simulations using the Weather and Research Forecasting model. Power generation and wind speed within and over the wind farm show that a timescale inversely proportional to the Coriolis parameter governs such transition, and the corresponding length scale is obtained by multiplying the timescale by the geostrophic wind speed. A geostrophic wind of 8 m/s and a Coriolis parameter of 1.05 × 10−4 rad/s (latitude of ∼46°) would give a transitional scale of about 30 km. Wind farms smaller than this result in greater power densities and shorter wakes. Larger wind farms result instead in power densities that asymptotically reach their minimum and wakes that reach their maximum extent. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Geophysical limits; Spatial scales; Wind energy; Wind farm-atmosphere interaction
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; atmosphere; forecasting; latitude; running; simulation; weather; wind farm; wind speed
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238699
作者单位	Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Antonini E.G.A.,Caldeira K.. Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants[J],2021,118(27).
APA	Antonini E.G.A.,&Caldeira K..(2021).Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(27).
MLA	Antonini E.G.A.,et al."Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.27(2021).