气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2106576118
	A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming
	Yin Y.; Zhao R.; Yang Y.; Meng Q.; Ying H.; Cassman K.G.; Cong W.; Tian X.; He K.; Wang Y.; Cui Z.; Chen X.; Zhang F.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:39
英文摘要	Hundreds of millions of smallholders in emerging countries substantially overuse nitrogen (N) fertilizers, driving local environmental pollution and global climate change. Despite local demonstration-scale successes, widespread mobilization of smallholders to adopt precise N management practices remains a challenge, largely due to associated high costs and complicated sampling and calculations. Here, we propose a long-term steady-state N balance (SSNB) approach without these complications that is suitable for sustainable smallholder farming. The hypothesis underpinning the concept of SSNB is that an intensively cultivated soil–crop system with excessive N inputs and high N losses can be transformed into a steady-state system with minimal losses while maintaining high yields. Based on SSNB, we estimate the optimized N application range across 3,824 crop counties for the three staple crops in China. We evaluated SSNB first in ca. 18,000 researcher-managed on-farm trials followed by testing in on-farm trials with 13,760 smallholders who applied SSNB-optimized N rates under the guidance of local extension staff. Results showed that SSNB could significantly reduce N fertilizer use by 21 to 28% while maintaining or increasing yields by 6 to 7%, compared to current smallholder practices. The SSNB approach could become an effective tool contributing to the global N sustainability of smallholder agriculture. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	High yields; Long-term steady-state N balance approach; Smallholders; Sustainability
语种	英语
scopus关键词	nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizer; agricultural worker; agriculture; Article; biotransformation; China; climate change; controlled study; crop production; environmental sustainability; food security; human; maize; nitrogen balance; nonhuman; pollution; process optimization; rice; soil analysis; soil property; tillage; wheat
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238638
作者单位	College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yin Y.,Zhao R.,Yang Y.,et al. A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming[J],2021,118(39).
APA	Yin Y..,Zhao R..,Yang Y..,Meng Q..,Ying H..,...&Zhang F..(2021).A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(39).
MLA	Yin Y.,et al."A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.39(2021).