气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2106006118
	Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera
	Merckx T.; Nielsen M.E.; Heliölä J.; Kuussaari M.; Pettersson L.B.; Pöyry J.; Tiainen J.; Gotthard K.; Kivelä S.M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:40
英文摘要	Urbanization is gaining force globally, which challenges biodiversity, and it has recently also emerged as an agent of evolutionary change. Seasonal phenology and life cycle regulation are essential processes that urbanization is likely to alter through both the urban heat island effect (UHI) and artificial light at night (ALAN). However, how UHI and ALAN affect the evolution of seasonal adaptations has received little attention. Here, we test for the urban evolution of seasonal life-history plasticity, specifically changes in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in two lepidopterans, Pieris napi (Pieridae) and Chiasmia clathrata (Geometridae). We used long-term data from standardized monitoring and citizen science observation schemes to compare yearly phenological flight curves in six cities in Finland and Sweden to those of adjacent rural populations. This analysis showed for both species that flight seasons are longer and end later in most cities, suggesting a difference in the timing of diapause induction. Then, we used common garden experiments to test whether the evolution of the photoperiodic reaction norm for diapause could explain these phenological changes for a subset of these cities. These experiments demonstrated a genetic shift for both species in urban areas toward a lower daylength threshold for direct development, consistent with predictions based on the UHI but not ALAN. The correspondence of this genetic change to the results of our larger-scale observational analysis of in situ flight phenology indicates that it may be widespread. These findings suggest that seasonal life cycle regulation evolves in urban ectotherms and may contribute to ecoevolutionary dynamics in cities. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Artificial light at night; Diapause; Reaction norm; Urban evolution; Urban heat island effect
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; citizen science; city; diapause; Finland; heat; human; life cycle; life history; local adaptation; night; nonhuman; phenology; Pieris napi; prediction; rural population; season; Sweden; urban area; urbanization; writing
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238632
作者单位	Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland; Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Lammi, 16900, Finland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Merckx T.,Nielsen M.E.,Heliölä J.,et al. Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera[J],2021,118(40).
APA	Merckx T..,Nielsen M.E..,Heliölä J..,Kuussaari M..,Pettersson L.B..,...&Kivelä S.M..(2021).Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(40).
MLA	Merckx T.,et al."Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.40(2021).