气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Local- And regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2109249118
	Local- And regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring
	Chambliss S.E.; Pinon C.P.R.; Messier K.P.; LaFranchi B.; Upperman C.R.; Lunden M.M.; Robinson A.L.; Marshall J.D.; Apte J.S.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:37
英文摘要	Disparity in air pollution exposure arises from variation at multiple spatial scales: Along urban-to-rural gradients, between individual cities within a metropolitan region, within individual neighborhoods, and between city blocks. Here, we improve on existing capabilities to systematically compare urban variation at several scales, from hyperlocal (<100 m) to regional (>10 km), and to assess consequences for outdoor air pollution experienced by residents of different races and ethnicities, by creating a set of uniquely extensive and high-resolution observations of spatially variable pollutants: NO, NO2, black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFP). We conducted full-coverage monitoring of a wide sample of urban and suburban neighborhoods (93 km2 and 450,000 residents) in four counties of the San Francisco Bay Area using Google Street View cars equippedwith the Aclima mobile platform. Comparing scales of variation across the sampled population, greater differences arise from localized pollution gradients for BC and NO (pollutants dominated by primary sources) and from regional gradients for UFP and NO2 (pollutants dominated by secondary contributions). Median concentrations of UFP, NO, and NO2 are, for Hispanic and Black populations, 8 to 30% higher than the population average; for White populations, average exposures to these pollutants are 9 to 14% lower than the population average. Systematic racial/ethnic disparities are influenced by regional concentration gradients due to sharp contrasts in demographic composition among cities and urban districts, while within-group extremes arise from local peaks. Our results illustrate how detailed and extensive fine-scale pollution observations can add new insights about differences and disparities in air pollution exposures at the population scale. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Air pollution; Air quality; Environmental justice
语种	英语
scopus关键词	black carbon; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; African American; air pollutant; air quality; Article; California; concentration (parameter); ethnic difference; European American; Hispanic; human; justice; mobile monitoring; monitoring; neighborhood; race difference; suburban area; ultrafine particulate matter
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238396
作者单位	Department of Civil. Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27713, United States; Aclima Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chambliss S.E.,Pinon C.P.R.,Messier K.P.,et al. Local- And regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring[J],2021,118(37).
APA	Chambliss S.E..,Pinon C.P.R..,Messier K.P..,LaFranchi B..,Upperman C.R..,...&Apte J.S..(2021).Local- And regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(37).
MLA	Chambliss S.E.,et al."Local- And regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.37(2021).