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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105812
	Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards
	Minamoto Y.; Kamogawa M.; Kadokura A.; Omiya S.; Hirasawa N.; Sato M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	263
英文摘要	There is an atmospheric electric field (AEF) or an electric potential gradient (PG) in fair weather between the Earth's surface and the mesosphere/ionosphere, which is positive. During blizzards/snowstorms in the polar regions, an intense positive AEF/PG in the order of 103 V/m of the same polarity in fair weather was observed using an electric field mill at 1.4 m in height. In contrast, a moderately negative AEF/PG variation after a blizzard was observed in 2015 at Syowa Station, Antarctica. The negative variation, where the magnitude ranged from tens to hundreds of V/m, gradually recovered into the positive AEF/PG for more than 40 min. According to various studies on blowing/drifting snow dynamics and electricity in laboratory experiments and field observations, snow particles colliding with the snow surface are charged, and the charge of suspended and saltating particles during the snowstorm is negative on average. To verify the AEF/PG observed during and after the blizzards, we numerically estimated the electric field surrounding the conductive sensor unit of the electric field mill using a three-dimensional Poisson equation. Under blizzard conditions, the polarity of the estimated AEF/PG was the opposite of that of the observed AEF/PG. From the noise study of the field mill, we deduced that the positive AEF/PG variations were caused by the collision of negatively charged snow particles with the electric probe on the sensor unit. Just after the blizzard, the number of snow particles measured at 4.4 m in height clearly decreased, and the camera image showed clear visibility. From this evidence, we modeled the suspended and saltating negatively charged snow particles that had fallen onto the ground surface and then constructed a charge layer of the snow particles softly attaching to the ground, which slowly discharged following the study on the electrical resistance of the powders. The three-dimensional Poisson calculation based on the model reproduced a moderately negative AEF/PG. Thus, we elucidated that the origins of the intense positive and moderate negative electric fields during and after blizzards are the charged snow particles colliding with the electric probe on the sensor unit and the negative snow layers softly attached to the ground, respectively. These results are applicable to studies on dust storm electrification on Mars' and Earth's deserts, snowstorm electrification in the polar regions, and high mountains, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, and turbulent electrification for industrial dust, which provides the identification of intense electrification and storms. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Antarctica; Atmospheric electric field; Blizzard; Charged snow particles; Electric field mill; Potential gradient
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/236588
作者单位	Laboratory for Environmental Research at Mount Fuji, Mount Fuji, Research Station, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan; Global Center for Asian and Regional Research, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 420-0839, Japan; National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan; Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, PWRI, Sapporo, 062-8602, Japan; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Minamoto Y.,Kamogawa M.,Kadokura A.,et al. Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards[J],2021,263.
APA	Minamoto Y.,Kamogawa M.,Kadokura A.,Omiya S.,Hirasawa N.,&Sato M..(2021).Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards.Atmospheric Research,263.
MLA	Minamoto Y.,et al."Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards".Atmospheric Research 263(2021).