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| DOI | 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102981 |
| Debris-flow monitoring and warning: Review and examples | |
| Hürlimann M.; Coviello V.; Bel C.; Guo X.; Berti M.; Graf C.; Hübl J.; Miyata S.; Smith J.B.; Yin H.-Y. | |
| 发表日期 | 2019 |
| ISSN | 0012-8857 |
| 卷号 | 199 |
| 英文摘要 | Debris flows represent one of the most dangerous types of mass movements, because of their high velocities, large impact forces and long runout distances. This review describes the available debris-flow monitoring techniques and proposes recommendations to inform the design of future monitoring and warning/alarm systems. The selection and application of these techniques is highly dependent on site and hazard characterization, which is illustrated through detailed descriptions of nine monitoring sites: five in Europe, three in Asia and one in the USA. Most of these monitored catchments cover less than ∼10 km2 and are topographically rugged with Melton Indices greater than 0.5. Hourly rainfall intensities between 5 and 15 mm/h are sufficient to trigger debris flows at many of the sites, and observed debris-flow volumes range from a few hundred up to almost one million cubic meters. The sensors found in these monitoring systems can be separated into two classes: a class measuring the initiation mechanisms, and another class measuring the flow dynamics. The first class principally includes rain gauges, but also contains of soil moisture and pore-water pressure sensors. The second class involves a large variety of sensors focusing on flow stage or ground vibrations and commonly includes video cameras to validate and aid in the data interpretation. Given the sporadic nature of debris flows, an essential characteristic of the monitoring systems is the differentiation between a continuous mode that samples at low frequency (“non-event mode”) and another mode that records the measurements at high frequency (“event mode”). The event detection algorithm, used to switch into the “event mode” depends on a threshold that is typically based on rainfall or ground vibration. Identifying the correct definition of these thresholds is a fundamental task not only for monitoring purposes, but also for the implementation of warning and alarm systems. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. |
| 英文关键词 | Debris flow; Hazard; Monitoring; Sensor; Warning |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 来源期刊 | EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
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| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/209786 |
| 作者单位 | Department Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering UPC BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR ETNA, St-Martin-d'Hères, France; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Hazards/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, Department of Natural Hazards and Civil Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Takayama, Japan; U.S. Geological Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Golden, United States; Soil and Water Conservation B... |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Hürlimann M.,Coviello V.,Bel C.,et al. Debris-flow monitoring and warning: Review and examples[J],2019,199. |
| APA | Hürlimann M..,Coviello V..,Bel C..,Guo X..,Berti M..,...&Yin H.-Y..(2019).Debris-flow monitoring and warning: Review and examples.EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,199. |
| MLA | Hürlimann M.,et al."Debris-flow monitoring and warning: Review and examples".EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS 199(2019). |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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