气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology

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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784
	Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology
	Bernor R.L.; Kaya F.; Kaakinen A.; Saarinen J.; Fortelius M.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0012-8259
卷号	221
英文摘要	Nearly five decades ago Berggren and Van Couvering proposed an Old World “Hipparion Datum” wherein a North American Hipparion extended its range across Eurasia and Africa as an “instantaneous prochoresis” populating the Old World. Four decades ago Woodburne and Bernor examined European and North African hipparion assemblages and proposed a number of distinct hipparion lineages, sharply departing from the mono-generic paradigm of previous work. Through the 1980s until now, hipparion systematic studies have delineated multiple superspecific groups of hipparions. Herein, we define 10 recognizable genus-rank Eurasian and African taxa delineating their chronologic occurrences, geographic extent and where data exists, their body mass and paleodietary preferences. Our study supports the current interpretation that a species of North American Cormohipparion extended its range into the Old World in the early late Miocene. Regional first occurrences of Cormohipparion are recognized in the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan and Sinap Tepe, Turkey 10.8 Ma. The slightly derived lineage Hippotherium is recorded earlier in the Pannonian C of the Vienna Basin, 11.4–11.0 Ma marking the chronologic “Hipparion” Datum at the lower boundary of Mammal Neogene (MN) Unit 9. Within MN 9, 11.2–9.9 Ma, Cormohipparion underwent a minor diversification whereas Hippotherium diversified in Central and Western Europe and China and Sivalhippus (S. nagriensis) originated in the Indian Subcontinent. Whereas Cormohipparion did not survive into the late Vallesian, MN10 (9.9–8.9 Ma), Hippotherium and Sivalhippus did and the Cremohipparion and Hipparion s.s. lineages originated. During the early and middle Turolian (MN11–12, 8.9–6.8 Ma) Hippotherium, Sivalhippus, Cremohipparion and Hipparion persisted and new lineages, Eurygnathohippus, Plesiohipparion, Baryhipparion and Shanxihippus originated. An initial extinction interval occurred at the end of the Miocene, MN13 (6.8–5.3 Ma) wherein all but one endemic species of Hippotherium, H. malpassi (Italy), Hipparion and several species of Cremohipparion became extinct. Lineage and species reduction continued across the Mio-Pliocene boundary so that by the beginning of the Pliocene (MN14, 5.3 Ma) only African species of Eurygnathohippus, Chinese Plesiohipparion houfenense and Proboscidipparion sinense remained. The later Pliocene (MN15–16, ca. 5.0–2.5 Ma) documents the persistence of endemic Chinese Baryhipparion insperatum, modest diversification of African Eurygnatohippus spp. and Chinese Plesiohipparion and Proboscidipparion spp. Eurygnathohippus made a limited geographic extension into the Indian subcontinent during MN16, whereas Pleisohipparion and Proboscidipparion extended their ranges into Eurasia during MN15 and MN16. The latest occurring hipparions are Proboscidipparion sinense at 1.0 Ma in China and Eurygnathohippus cornelianus in Africa <1.0 Ma. Old World hipparion lineages early on increased their body mass in MN9. During the Turolian interval (MN11–13) hipparion lineages diversified their body mass from very small (<100 kg) to heavy forms (>300 kg), with the smaller forms being predominately grass feeders and larger ones being mixed feeders. Decreased hipparion lineage and species diversity in the Pliocene was accompanied by increased average body size and hypsodonty probably in response to more seasonal Eurasian and African environments. There is no evidence that hipparions ever adapted to cold and dry Old World Pleistocene environments. © 2021 The Authors
英文关键词	Africa; Eurasia; Hipparion; Neogene; Paleobiogeography; Paleoecology; Quaternary
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Hipparion; Mammalia; Meleagris gallopavo
来源期刊	EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/209188
作者单位	College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Howard University, 520 W St. N.W, Washington D.C, 20059, United States; Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NE, Washington D.C, 20002, United States; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 6400014, Finland; Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Helsinki, Finland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bernor R.L.,Kaya F.,Kaakinen A.,et al. Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology[J],2021,221.
APA	Bernor R.L.,Kaya F.,Kaakinen A.,Saarinen J.,&Fortelius M..(2021).Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology.EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,221.
MLA	Bernor R.L.,et al."Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology".EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS 221(2021).