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| DOI | 10.1007/s11069-021-04567-2 |
| Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster | |
| Todhunter P.E. | |
| 发表日期 | 2021 |
| ISSN | 0921030X |
| 起始页码 | 2797 |
| 结束页码 | 2824 |
| 卷号 | 106期号:3 |
| 英文摘要 | Devils Lake, a terminal lake in northeast North Dakota (USA), has experienced catastrophic flooding since 1993. From January 31, 1993, to December 31, 2014, lake level rose from 433.62 to 442.44 m, lake area expanded from 179.9 to 653.5 km2, and lake volume increased from 0.70 to 3.80 km3. More than $1 billion ($USD) has been spent in government payments to mitigate direct, primary, tangible flood damages. This paper provides a case study of the hydrological basis of the Devils Lake flood disaster. The unique geomorphic setting, paleoclimatic record, and hydroclimatic conditions of the region are summarized, and a wide range of hydroclimatic data is examined to provide a broad understanding of the physical basis of the flood disaster. The primary cause of the disaster was a transition to a sustained wetter climate that resulted in a dramatic response in basin hydrological variables in 1993. The transition from a long-term dry period to a long-term wet period caused the lake water budget to begin to change from an atmosphere-controlled water budget dominated by precipitation input to an amplifier lake water budget dominated by surface runoff input to the lake. Other important hydrological factors include a nonlinear precipitation–runoff relationship following the long-term drought, fill-spill and fill-merge hydrological behavior that is characteristic of wetland complexes, an increase in the lake area-to-basin area ratio, and the critical role of frozen soils in controlling infiltration and runoff production of spring snowmelt. Engineering works to manage lake volume through two outlets have reduced, but not entirely eliminated, future flood risk. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature. |
| 关键词 | Devils LakeFlood disasterLake hydrologyNorth DakotaTerminal lake |
| 英文关键词 | catastrophic event; disaster management; flood damage; flooding; future prospect; governance approach; hydrological regime; infiltration; lake level; runoff; snowmelt; Devils Lake; North Dakota; United States |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 来源期刊 | Natural Hazards
 |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/206612 |
| 作者单位 | Department of Geography and GISc, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9020, United States |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Todhunter P.E.. Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster[J],2021,106(3). |
| APA | Todhunter P.E..(2021).Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster.Natural Hazards,106(3). |
| MLA | Todhunter P.E.."Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster".Natural Hazards 106.3(2021). |
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