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DOI	10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111783
	U.S. fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: What have they achieved and what have we learned?
	Greene D.L.; Greenwald J.M.; Ciez R.E.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	03014215
卷号	146
英文摘要	Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards are among the longest-running energy regulations in the United States, enduring several decades of changing political winds. First implemented in 1978, they have been adapted over time, responding to lessons learned and changing circumstances. In combination with the more recent vehicle greenhouse gas emission (GHG) standards, they have achieved enormous fuel savings and emission reductions. Until the 2018 proposed rollback, the quality of research and analysis in support of rulemakings improved dramatically with advances in analytical methods, computing power and the resources dedicated to the task. Despite the abundance of fuel economy and related data, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the standards from 1975 to the present. This paper analyzes historical data to assess the real-world impact of the standards, as well as draw lessons about energy and environmental policy design. Cumulatively, fuel economy improvements due to the standards have reduced fuel consumption by well over one and a half trillion gallons, saved consumers trillions of dollars and avoided 14 billion tons of GHG emissions. Our analysis indicates that fuel savings have exceeded the cost of improving fuel economy, traffic safety has improved and the impact on vehicle travel has been small. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	CAFE standards Fuel economy standards Vehicle greenhouse gas emissions Vehicle standards
英文关键词	Emission control; Energy policy; Environmental protection; Fuels; Greenhouse gases; Quality control; Analytical method; Comprehensive assessment; Corporate average fuel-economy standards; Emission reduction; Energy regulation; Environmental policy; Research and analysis; Vehicle travels; Fuel economy; carbon emission; cost analysis; environmental economics; environmental policy; greenhouse gas; standardization; United States
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy Policy
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/204678
作者单位	Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Greenwald Consulting, LLC, United States; Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Greene D.L.,Greenwald J.M.,Ciez R.E.. U.S. fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: What have they achieved and what have we learned?[J],2020,146.
APA	Greene D.L.,Greenwald J.M.,&Ciez R.E..(2020).U.S. fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: What have they achieved and what have we learned?.Energy Policy,146.
MLA	Greene D.L.,et al."U.S. fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: What have they achieved and what have we learned?".Energy Policy 146(2020).