气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Conversion cathodes for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries

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DOI	10.1039/c6ee02326f
	Conversion cathodes for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries
	Wu F.; Yushin G.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	17545692
起始页码	435
结束页码	459
卷号	10 期号:2
英文摘要	Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries built with Ni- and Co-based intercalation-type cathodes suffer from low specific energy, high toxicity and high cost. A further increase in the energy storage characteristics of such cells is challenging because capacities of such intercalation compounds approach their theoretical values and a further increase in their maximum voltage induces serious safety concerns. The growing market for portable energy storage is undergoing a rapid expansion as new applications demand lighter, smaller, safer and lower cost batteries to enable broader use of plug-in hybrid and pure-electric vehicles (PHEVs and EVs), drones and renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. Conversion-type cathode materials are some of the key candidates for the next-generation of rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries. Continuous rapid progress in performance improvements of such cathodes is essential to utilize them in future applications. In this review we consider price, abundance and safety of the elements in the periodic table for their use in conversion cathodes. We further compare specific and volumetric capacities of a broad range of conversion materials. By offering a model for practically achievable volumetric energy density and specific energy of Li cells with graphite, silicon (Si) and lithium (Li) anodes, we observe the impact of cathode chemistry directly. This allows us to estimate potentials of different conversion cathodes for exceeding the energy characteristics of cells built with state of the art intercalation compounds. We additionally review the key challenges faced when using conversion-type active materials in cells and general strategies to overcome them. Finally, we discuss future trends and perspectives for cost reduction and performance enhancement. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017.
英文关键词	Cathodes; Cells; Cost reduction; Costs; Crashworthiness; Cytology; Electric batteries; Electrodes; Energy storage; Intercalation compounds; Ions; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Plug-in hybrid vehicles; Renewable energy resources; Secondary batteries; Energy characteristics; Energy storage characteristics; Intercalation types; Performance enhancements; Pure electric vehicles; Renewable energy source; Volumetric capacity; Volumetric energy densities; Lithium-ion batteries; copper; electric vehicle; electrode; energy conservation; energy resource; lithium; nickel; performance assessment; renewable resource; safety
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy & Environmental Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/190538
作者单位	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wu F.,Yushin G.. Conversion cathodes for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries[J],2017,10(2).
APA	Wu F.,&Yushin G..(2017).Conversion cathodes for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries.Energy & Environmental Science,10(2).
MLA	Wu F.,et al."Conversion cathodes for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries".Energy & Environmental Science 10.2(2017).