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DOI	10.1039/c7ee00188f
	High power densities created from salinity differences by combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell
	Kim T.; Logan B.E.; Gorski C.A.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	17545692
起始页码	1003
结束页码	1012
卷号	10 期号:4
英文摘要	Recent estimates suggest that approximately 40% of global electricity demands can be met by capturing the potential energy contained in the mixing of seawater and freshwater at coasts. Several technologies are currently being explored to capture this energy and maximize the achievable electrical power density. Here we report a new method to capture this energy that yielded a peak power density of 12.6 ± 0.5 W m-2-membrane area (average = 3.8 ± 0.1 W m-2), which is the highest value reported to date for salinity gradient energy technologies fed with synthetic seawater (30 g L-1 NaCl) and freshwater (1 g L-1 NaCl). This unprecedentedly high power density was achieved in a concentration flow cell containing non-toxic copper hexacyanoferrate electrodes that developed electrode potentials based on Na+ activities and an anion-exchange membrane that developed a Donnan potential based on Cl- activities. The peak power density increased to 26.3 ± 1.3 W m-2 (average = 9.4 ± 0.9 W m-2) when using a highly saline synthetic brine (300 g L-1 NaCl) and freshwater (1 g L-1 NaCl). Stacking two flow cells in series doubled the total power while maintaining the same power per membrane area. Combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell offers a new means to harvest salinity gradient energy that may lead to an economically viable technology. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017.
英文关键词	Ion exchange; Ion exchange membranes; Potential energy; Seawater; Water; Anion exchange membrane; Copper hexacyanoferrate; Economically viable; Electrical power density; Electrode potentials; Global electricity demands; High power density; Peak power densities; Electrodes; chemical process; chemical reaction; copper compound; electrical power; electrode; freshwater; fuel cell; mixing; potential energy; power generation; salinity; seawater
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy & Environmental Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/190488
作者单位	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kim T.,Logan B.E.,Gorski C.A.. High power densities created from salinity differences by combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell[J],2017,10(4).
APA	Kim T.,Logan B.E.,&Gorski C.A..(2017).High power densities created from salinity differences by combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell.Energy & Environmental Science,10(4).
MLA	Kim T.,et al."High power densities created from salinity differences by combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell".Energy & Environmental Science 10.4(2017).