气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes

CCPortal

DOI	10.1039/d0ee01191f
	Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes
	Finegan D.P.; Quinn A.; Wragg D.S.; Colclasure A.M.; Lu X.; Tan C.; Heenan T.M.M.; Jervis R.; Brett D.J.L.; Das S.; Gao T.; Cogswell D.A.; Bazant M.Z.; Di Michiel M.; Checchia S.; Shearing P.R.; Smith K.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17545692
起始页码	2570
结束页码	2584
卷号	13 期号:8
英文摘要	The principal inhibitor of fast charging lithium ion cells is the graphite negative electrode, where favorable conditions for lithium plating occur at high charge rates, causing accelerated degradation and safety concerns. The local response of graphite, both at the electrode and particle level, when exposed to fast charging conditions of around 6C is not well understood. Consequently, the conditions that lead to the onset of lithium plating, as well as the local dynamics of lithium plating and stripping, have also remained elusive. Here, we use high-speed (100 Hz) pencil-beam X-ray diffraction to repeatedly raster along the depth of a 101 µm thick graphite electrode in 3 µm steps during fast (up to 6C) charge and discharge conditions. Consecutive depth profiles from separator to current collector were each captured in 0.5 seconds, giving an unprecedented spatial and temporal description of the state of the electrode and graphite's staging dynamics during high rate conditions. The electrode is preferentially activated near the separator, and the non-uniformity increases with rate and is influenced by free-energy barriers between graphite's lithiation stages. The onset of lithium plating and stripping was quantified, occurring only within the first 15 µm from the separator. The presence of lithium plating changed the behavior of the underlying graphite, such as causing co-existence of LiC6 and graphite in the fully discharged state. Finally, the staging behavior of graphite at different rates was quantified, revealing a high dependency on rate and drastic hysteresis between lithiation and delithiation. © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
英文关键词	Dynamics; Electric discharges; Fast charging (Batteries); Free energy; Graphite; Lithium; Lithium compounds; Lithium-ion batteries; Plating; Separators; Accelerated degradation; Charge and discharge; Charging conditions; Current collector; Favorable conditions; Graphite negative electrode; Lithium-ion cells; Non-uniformities; Graphite electrodes; biosafety; electrode; energy efficiency; graphite; hysteresis; inhibitor; lithium; operations technology; raster
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy & Environmental Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/189601
作者单位	National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States; Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315, Norway; Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France; MAX IV Laboratory, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Finegan D.P.,Quinn A.,Wragg D.S.,et al. Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes[J],2020,13(8).
APA	Finegan D.P..,Quinn A..,Wragg D.S..,Colclasure A.M..,Lu X..,...&Smith K..(2020).Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes.Energy & Environmental Science,13(8).
MLA	Finegan D.P.,et al."Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes".Energy & Environmental Science 13.8(2020).