气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Rise of Great Lakes Surface Water, Sinking of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and Viscous Collapse of the Forebulge of the Former Laurentide Ice Sheet

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DOI	10.1029/2020JB019739
	Rise of Great Lakes Surface Water, Sinking of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and Viscous Collapse of the Forebulge of the Former Laurentide Ice Sheet
	Argus D.F.; Ratliff B.; DeMets C.; Borsa A.A.; Wiese D.N.; Blewitt G.; Crowley J.W.; Martens H.R.; Kreemer C.; Landerer F.W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	21699313
卷号	125 期号:9
英文摘要	Great Lakes water levels rose 0.7–1.5 m from 2013 to 2019, increasing surface water volume by 285 km3. Solid Earth's elastic response to the increased mass load is nearly known: The Great Lakes floor fell 8–23 mm, and the adjacent land fell 3–14 mm. Correcting GPS measurements for this predicted elastic loading (1) straightens position-time series, making the evolution of position more nearly a constant velocity and (2) reduces estimates of subsidence rate in Wisconsin, Michigan, and southern Ontario by 0.5–2 mm/yr, improving constraints on postglacial rebound. GPS records Wisconsin and Michigan to have subsided at 1–4 mm/yr. We find this sinking to be produced primarily by viscous collapse of the former Laurentide ice sheet forebulge and secondarily by elastic Great Lakes loading. We infer water on land in the Great Lakes watershed to be total water change observed by GRACE minus Great Lakes surface water smeared by a Gaussian distribution. Water stored on land each year reaches a maximum in March, 6 months before Great Lakes water levels peak in September. The seasonal oscillation of water on land in the Great Lakes basin, 100 km3 (0.20 m water thickness), is twice that in a hydrology model. In the seasons, groundwater in the Great Lakes watershed increases by 60 km3 (0.12 m) each autumn and winter and decreases by roughly an equivalent amount each spring and summer. In the long term, groundwater volume remained constant from 2004 to 2012 but increased by 50 km3 (0.10 m) from 2013 to 2019. ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	GPS; GRACE; Great Lakes; hydrology; solid Earth
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/187644
作者单位	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States; Canadian Geodetic Survey, National Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Argus D.F.,Ratliff B.,DeMets C.,et al. Rise of Great Lakes Surface Water, Sinking of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and Viscous Collapse of the Forebulge of the Former Laurentide Ice Sheet[J],2020,125(9).
APA	Argus D.F..,Ratliff B..,DeMets C..,Borsa A.A..,Wiese D.N..,...&Landerer F.W..(2020).Rise of Great Lakes Surface Water, Sinking of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and Viscous Collapse of the Forebulge of the Former Laurentide Ice Sheet.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,125(9).
MLA	Argus D.F.,et al."Rise of Great Lakes Surface Water, Sinking of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and Viscous Collapse of the Forebulge of the Former Laurentide Ice Sheet".Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 125.9(2020).