气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption

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DOI	10.1029/2020JB020903
	The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption
	Houghton B.F.; Tisdale C.M.; Llewellin E.W.; Taddeucci J.; Orr T.R.; Walker B.H.; Patrick M.R.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	21699313
卷号	126 期号:1
英文摘要	Most basaltic explosive eruptions intensify abruptly, allowing little time to document processes at the start of eruption. One opportunity came with the initiation of activity from fissure 8 (F8) during the 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea, Hawaii. F8 erupted in four episodes. We recorded 28 min of high-definition video during a 51-min period, capturing the onset of the second episode on 5 May. From the videos, we were able to analyze the following in-flight parameters: frequency and duration of explosions; ejecta heights; pyroclast exit velocities; in-flight total mass and estimated mass eruption rates; and the in-flight total grain size distributions. The videos record a transition from initial pulsating outgassing, via spaced, but increasingly rapid, discrete explosions, to quasisustained, unsteady fountaining. This transition accompanied waxing intensity (mass flux) of the F8 eruption. We infer that all activity was driven by a combination of the ascent of a coupled mixture of small bubbles and melt, and the buoyant rise of decoupled gas slugs and/or pockets. The balance between these two types of concurrent flow determined the exact form of the eruptive activity at any point in time, and changes to their relative contributions drove the transition we observed at early F8. Qualitative observations of other Hawaiian fountains at Kīlauea suggest that this physical model may apply more generally. This study demonstrates the value of in-flight parameters derived from high-resolution videos, which offer a rapid and highly time-sensitive alternative to measurements based on sampling of deposits posteruption. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	basaltic explosive volcanism; eruption dynamics; fissure eruptions; Kīlauea 2018 eruption; physical volcanology
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/187397
作者单位	Earth Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy; US Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, United States; US Geological Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observatory, Hilo, HI, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Houghton B.F.,Tisdale C.M.,Llewellin E.W.,et al. The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption[J],2021,126(1).
APA	Houghton B.F..,Tisdale C.M..,Llewellin E.W..,Taddeucci J..,Orr T.R..,...&Patrick M.R..(2021).The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption.Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,126(1).
MLA	Houghton B.F.,et al."The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption".Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126.1(2021).