气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt

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DOI	10.1029/2019JD031207
	Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt
	Hu C.; Griffis T.J.; Baker J.M.; Wood J.D.; Millet D.B.; Yu Z.; Lee X.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	2169897X
卷号	125 期号:2
英文摘要	Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is the primary form of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and a precursor of ammonium (NH4 +) aerosols. Ammonia has been linked to adverse impacts on human health, the loss of ecosystem biodiversity, and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing. The midwestern United States is the major NH3 source in North America because of dense livestock operations and the high use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Here, we combine tall-tower (100 m) observations in Minnesota and Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) modeling to investigate high and low NH3 emission episodes within the U.S. Corn Belt to improve our understanding of the distribution of emission sources and transport processes. We examined observations and performed model simulations for cases in February through November of 2017 and 2018. The results showed the following: (1) Peak emissions in November 2017 were enhanced by above-normal air temperatures, implying a Q10 (i.e., the change in NH3 emissions for a temperature increase of 10°C) of 2.5 for emissions. (2) The intensive livestock emissions rom northern Iowa, approximately 400 km away from the tall tower, accounted for 17.6% of the abundance in tall-tower NH3 mixing ratios. (3) Ammonia mixing ratios in the innermost domain 3 frequently (i.e., 336 hr, 48% of November 2017) exceeded 5.3 ppb, an important air quality health standard. (4) In November 2017, simulated NH3 net ecosystem exchange (the difference between NH3 emissions and dry deposition) accounted for 60–65% of gross NH3 emissions for agricultural areas and was 2.8–3.1 times the emissions of forested areas. (5) We estimated a mean annual NH3 net ecosystem exchange of 1.60 ± 0.06 nmol · m−2 · s−1 for agricultural lands and −0.07 ± 0.02 nmol · m−2 · s−1 for forested lands. These results imply that future warmer fall temperatures will enhance agricultural NH3 emissions, increase the frequency of dangerous NH3 episodes, and enhance dry NH3 deposition in adjacent forested lands. ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
英文关键词	agriculture; dry deposition; forests; NH3; tall tower observations; WRF-Chem model
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/186223
作者单位	Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States; College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, St. Paul, MN, United States; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information, Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hu C.,Griffis T.J.,Baker J.M.,et al. Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt[J],2020,125(2).
APA	Hu C..,Griffis T.J..,Baker J.M..,Wood J.D..,Millet D.B..,...&Lee X..(2020).Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt.Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,125(2).
MLA	Hu C.,et al."Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125.2(2020).