气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783

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DOI	10.1130/b35183.1
	Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption
	Boreham F.; Cashman K.; Rust A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	167606
起始页码	2651
结束页码	2668
卷号	132 期号:2021-11-12
英文摘要	Interactions between lava flows and surface water are not always considered in hazard assessments, despite abundant historical and geological evidence that they can create significant secondary hazards (e.g., floods and steam explosions). We combine contemporary accounts of the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption in southern Iceland with morphological analysis of the geological deposits to reconstruct the lava–water interactions and assess their impact on residents. We find that lava disrupted the local river systems, impounded water that flooded farms and impeded travel, and drove steam explosions that created at least 2979 rootless cones on the lava flow. Using aerial photographs and satellite-derived digital terrain models, we mapped and measured 12 of the 15 rootless cone groups on the Laki lava field. We have identified one new rootless cone group and provide data that suggest another cone group previously attributed to the 939–940 CE Eldgjá eruption was created by the Laki eruption. We then use contemporary accounts to estimate formation dates and environments for each cone group, which formed in wetland/lake areas, on riverbeds, and near areas of impounded water. Furthermore, comparison with previous field studies shows that assessments using remote sensing can be used to identify and map meter-scale and larger features on a lava flow, although remote mapping lacks the detail of field observations. Our findings highlight the different ways in which lava can interact with surface water, threatening people, property, water supplies, and infrastructure. For these reasons, anticipation of such interactions is important in lava flow hazard assessment in regions with abundant surface water; we further demonstrate that remote sensing can be an effective tool for identifying lava–water interactions in past lava flows. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
语种	英语
来源期刊	Bulletin of the Geological Society of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/184844
作者单位	School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Boreham F.,Cashman K.,Rust A.. Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption[J],2020,132(2021-11-12).
APA	Boreham F.,Cashman K.,&Rust A..(2020).Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption.Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,132(2021-11-12).
MLA	Boreham F.,et al."Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption".Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 132.2021-11-12(2020).