气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2017281118
	A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear
	Veitch D.; Celiker E.; Aldridge S.; Pulver C.; Soulsbury C.D.; Jonsson T.; Woodrow C.; Fernando Montealegre Z.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:10
英文摘要	Located in the forelegs, katydid ears are unique among arthropods in having outer, middle, and inner components, analogous to the mammalian ear. Unlike mammals, sound is received externally via two tympanic membranes in each ear and internally via a narrow ear canal (EC) derived from the respiratory tracheal system. Inside the EC, sound travels slower than in free air, causing temporal and pressure differences between external and internal inputs. The delay was suspected to arise as a consequence of the narrowing EC geometry. If true, a reduction in sound velocity should persist independently of the gas composition in the EC (e.g., air, CO2). Integrating laser Doppler vibrometry, microcomputed tomography, and numerical analysis on precise three-dimensional geometries of each experimental animal EC, we demonstrate that the narrowing radius of the EC is the main factor reducing sound velocity. Both experimental and numerical data also show that sound velocity is reduced further when excess CO2 fills the EC. Likewise, the EC bifurcates at the tympanal level (one branch for each tympanic membrane), creating two additional narrow internal sound paths and imposing different sound velocities for each tympanic membrane. Therefore, external and internal inputs total to four sound paths for each ear (only one for the human ear). Research paths and implication of findings in avian directional hearing are discussed. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Bioacoustics; Finite element analysis; Katydid hearing; Sound propagation
语种	英语
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180334
作者单位	School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom; Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Veitch D.,Celiker E.,Aldridge S.,et al. A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear[J],2021,118(10).
APA	Veitch D..,Celiker E..,Aldridge S..,Pulver C..,Soulsbury C.D..,...&Fernando Montealegre Z..(2021).A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(10).
MLA	Veitch D.,et al."A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.10(2021).