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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2013442118
	Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation
	Wang J.; Hilton J.; Pfefferkorn H.W.; Wang S.; Zhang Y.; Bek J.; Josef Pšenička; Seyfullah L.J.; Dilcher D.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:11
英文摘要	Noeggerathiales are enigmatic plants that existed during Carboniferous and Permian times, ∼323 to 252 Mya. Although their morphology, diversity, and distribution are well known, their systematic affinity remained enigmatic because their anatomy was unknown. Here, we report from a 298-My-old volcanic ash deposit, an in situ, complete, anatomically preserved noeggerathialean. The plant resolves the group's affinity and places it in a key evolutionary position within the seed plant sister group. Paratingia wuhaia sp. nov. is a small tree producing gymnospermous wood with a crown of pinnate, compound megaphyllous leaves and fertile shoots each with Ω-shaped vascular bundles. The heterosporous (containing both microspores and megaspores), bisporangiate fertile shoots appear cylindrical and cone-like, but their bilateral vasculature demonstrates that they are complex, three-dimensional sporophylls, representing leaf homologs that are unique to Noeggerathiales. The combination of heterospory and gymnospermous wood confirms that Paratingia, and thus the Noeggerathiales, are progymnosperms. Progymnosperms constitute the seed plant stem group, and Paratingia extends their range 60 My, to the end of the Permian. Cladistic analysis resolves the position of the Noeggerathiales as the most derived members of a heterosporous progymnosperm clade that are the seed plant sister group, altering our understanding of the relationships within the seed plant stem lineage and the transition from pteridophytic spore-based reproduction to the seed. Permian Noeggerathiales show that the heterosporous progymnosperm sister group to seed plants diversified alongside the primary radiation of seed plants for ∼110 My, independently evolving sophisticated cone-like fertile organs from modified leaves. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Evolution; Noeggererathiales; Permian; Progymnosperm; Seed plant
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; bacterial spore; cladistics; female; megaspore; microspore; nonhuman; Permian; plant stem; reproduction; seed plant; shoot; sister group; vascular bundle (plant); vascularization; volcanic ash
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180284
作者单位	State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, United States; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China; College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenyang, 11003...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang J.,Hilton J.,Pfefferkorn H.W.,et al. Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation[J],2021,118(11).
APA	Wang J..,Hilton J..,Pfefferkorn H.W..,Wang S..,Zhang Y..,...&Dilcher D..(2021).Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(11).
MLA	Wang J.,et al."Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.11(2021).