气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Flood risk behaviors of United States riverine metropolitan areas are driven by local hydrology and shaped by race

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2016839118
	Flood risk behaviors of United States riverine metropolitan areas are driven by local hydrology and shaped by race
	Knighton J.; Hondula K.; Sharkus C.; Guzman C.; Elliott R.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:13
英文摘要	Flooding risk results from complex interactions between hydrological hazards (e.g., riverine inundation during periods of heavy rainfall), exposure, vulnerability (e.g., the potential for structural damage or loss of life), and resilience (how well we recover, learn from, and adapt to past floods). Building on recent coupled conceptualizations of these complex interactions, we characterize human–flood interactions (collective memory and risk-enduring attitude) at a more comprehensive scale than has been attempted to date across 50 US metropolitan statistical areas with a sociohydrologic (SH) model calibrated with accessible local data (historical records of annual peak streamflow, flood insurance loss claims, active insurance policy records, and population density). A cluster analysis on calibrated SH model parameter sets for metropolitan areas identified two dominant behaviors: 1) “risk-enduring” cities with lower flooding defenses and longer memory of past flood loss events and 2) “risk-averse” cities with higher flooding defenses and reduced memory of past flooding. These divergent behaviors correlated with differences in local stream flashiness indices (i.e., the frequency and rapidity of daily changes in streamflow), maximum dam heights, and the proportion of White to non-White residents in US metropolitan areas. Risk-averse cities tended to exist within regions characterized by flashier streamflow conditions, larger dams, and larger proportions of White residents. Our research supports the development of SH models in urban metropolitan areas and the design of risk management strategies that consider both demographically heterogeneous populations, changing flood defenses, and temporal changes in community risk perceptions and tolerance. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Flood risk; Hydrologic modeling; Hydrology; Insurance; Sociohydrology
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; article; attitude; city; cluster analysis; controlled study; female; financial management; flooding; human; human experiment; hydrology; insurance; male; memory; population density; race; resident; risk behavior; risk management; risk perception; United States
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180114
作者单位	Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; The National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD 21480, United States; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Sociology, London School of Economics, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Knighton J.,Hondula K.,Sharkus C.,et al. Flood risk behaviors of United States riverine metropolitan areas are driven by local hydrology and shaped by race[J],2021,118(13).
APA	Knighton J.,Hondula K.,Sharkus C.,Guzman C.,&Elliott R..(2021).Flood risk behaviors of United States riverine metropolitan areas are driven by local hydrology and shaped by race.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(13).
MLA	Knighton J.,et al."Flood risk behaviors of United States riverine metropolitan areas are driven by local hydrology and shaped by race".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.13(2021).