气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/PNAS.2022376118
	Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic
	Engzell P.; Frey A.; Verhagen M.D.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:17
英文摘要	Suspension of face-to-face instruction in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about consequences for students' learning. So far, data to study this question have been limited. Here we evaluate the effect of school closures on primary school performance using exceptionally rich data from The Netherlands (n-350,000).We use the fact that national examinations took place before and after lockdown and compare progress during this period to the same period in the 3 previous years. The Netherlands underwent only a relatively short lockdown (8 wk) and features an equitable system of school funding and the world's highest rate of broadband access. Still, our results reveal a learning loss of about 3 percentile points or 0.08 standard deviations. The effect is equivalent to one-fifth of a school year, the same period that schools remained closed. Losses are up to 60% larger among students from less-educated homes, confirming worries about the uneven toll of the pandemic on children and families. Investigating mechanisms, we find that most of the effect reflects the cumulative impact of knowledge learned rather than transitory influences on the day of testing. Results remain robust when balancing on the estimated propensity of treatment and using maximum-entropy weights or with fixed-effects specifications that compare students within the same school and family. The findings imply that students made little or no progress while learning from home and suggest losses even larger in countries with weaker infrastructure or longer school closures. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Covid-19; Digital divide; Learning loss; School closures; Social inequality
语种	英语
scopus关键词	child; epidemiology; female; human; learning; male; Netherlands; pandemic; prevention and control; quarantine; school; Child; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Netherlands; Pandemics; Quarantine; SARS-CoV-2; Schools
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180033
作者单位	Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1JD, United Kingdom; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1NF, United Kingdom; Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1JD, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Engzell P.,Frey A.,Verhagen M.D.. Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic[J],2021,118(17).
APA	Engzell P.,Frey A.,&Verhagen M.D..(2021).Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(17).
MLA	Engzell P.,et al."Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.17(2021).