气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate

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DOI	10.1073/PNAS.2021535118
	Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate
	Wurman J.; Kosiba K.; White T.; Robinson P.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00278424
卷号	118 期号:14
英文摘要	Tornadoes cause damage, injury, and death when intense winds impact structures. Quantifying the strength and extent of such winds is critical to characterizing tornado hazards. Ratings of intensity and size are based nearly entirely on postevent damage surveys [R. Edwards et al., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 94, 641-653 (2013)]. It has long been suspected that these suffer low bias [C. A. Doswell, D. W. Burgess, Mon. Weather Rev. 116, 495-501 (1988)]. Here, using mapping of low-level tornado winds in 120 tornadoes, we prove that supercell tornadoes are typically much stronger and wider than damage surveys indicate. Our results permit an accurate assessment of the distribution of tornado intensities and sizes and tornado wind hazards, based on actual wind-speed observations, and meaningful comparisons of the distribution of tornado intensities and sizes with theoretical predictions. We analyze data from Doppler On Wheels (DOW) radar measurements of 120 tornadoes at the time of peak measured intensity. In striking contrast to conventional damagebased climatologies, median tornado peak wind speeds are ∼60 m s-1, capable of causing significant, Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF)-2 to -3, damage, and 20% are capable of the most intense EF-4/EF-5 damage. National Weather Service (NWS) EF/wind speed ratings are 1.2 to 1.5 categories (∼20 m s-1) lower than DOW observations for tornadoes documented by both the NWS and DOWs. Median tornado diameter is 250 to 500 m, with 10 to 15% >1 km. Wind engineering tornado-hazard-model predictions and building wind resistance standards may require upward adjustment due to the increased wind-damage risk documented here. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Climatology; Natural hazards; Tornado; Wind damage
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; climate; prediction; telecommunication; tornado; wind speed
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/180025
作者单位	Center for Severe Weather Research, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wurman J.,Kosiba K.,White T.,et al. Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate[J],2021,118(14).
APA	Wurman J.,Kosiba K.,White T.,&Robinson P..(2021).Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(14).
MLA	Wurman J.,et al."Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.14(2021).