气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Sentinel-1 based soil freeze/thaw estimation in boreal forest environments

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.rse.2020.112267
	Sentinel-1 based soil freeze/thaw estimation in boreal forest environments
	Cohen J.; Rautiainen K.; Lemmetyinen J.; Smolander T.; Vehviläinen J.; Pulliainen J.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00344257
卷号	254
英文摘要	A method for the retrieval of soil freeze/thaw (F/T) state in the boreal forest region using SAR is presented in this paper. The method utilizes Sentinel-1 data and is thus suitable for continuous near real-time monitoring. The main challenge with the C-band VV-polarization signal is the sensitivity to vegetation and especially to forest canopies. A relatively simple zeroth-order model is used for the retrieval of the ground and the canopy backscatter contributions in 1 km cell size. These backscatter components are then used to identify the F/T state of the soil by comparing them to corresponding reference values representing frozen and thawed conditions. The classification algorithm is based on threshold values applied on the Euclidian distances between the retrieved backscatter and the reference values. The method is tested for three test areas across Finland, having different forest properties: Sodankylä, Nurmes and Tampere, located in northern, central and southern Finland, respectively. We first evaluated whether the use of canopy cover (CC) or stem volume (SV) as the parameter describing the forest conditions provide better model accuracy. We then assessed the Sentinel-1 based soil F/T estimates by comparing them to automatic in situ observations and the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) based soil F/T product. The model performance was generally better when SV was used as the forest parameter. Nevertheless, for both CC and SV, the RMSE between the modeled and the observed backscatter was considerably lower than the seasonal variation of the backscatter. In Sodankylä and Nurmes, the Sentinel-1 based F/T estimates were well in line with the in situ observations and the SMOS F/T product. The Sentinel-1 retrievals measuring the top soil layer were fast to react to air temperature changes between negative and positive Celsius degrees, showing similarity of 94–99% with the air temperature measurements. In Tampere the method showed weaker results; the similarity with the air temperature observations was 64%. Overall, a correct vertical freezing pattern of the soil was demonstrated in this study, with Sentinel-1 sensitive to the top soil layer, in situ sensors measuring at 5 cm depth, and SMOS reaching to 5–15 cm soil depth. Additional assessment should be conducted in southern Finland. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Atmospheric temperature; Backscattering; Forestry; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Temperature measurement; Air temperature changes; Air temperature measurement; Classification algorithm; In-situ observations; Near-real-time monitoring; Polarization signals; Seasonal variation; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); Soil testing; air temperature; backscatter; boreal forest; forest canopy; forest ecosystem; freeze-thaw cycle; satellite data; seasonal variation; Sentinel; SMOS; soil depth; synthetic aperture radar; Finland; Pirkanmaa; Tampere
来源期刊	Remote Sensing of Environment
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/178978
作者单位	Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. BOX 503, Helsinki, FI-00101, Finland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cohen J.,Rautiainen K.,Lemmetyinen J.,et al. Sentinel-1 based soil freeze/thaw estimation in boreal forest environments[J],2021,254.
APA	Cohen J.,Rautiainen K.,Lemmetyinen J.,Smolander T.,Vehviläinen J.,&Pulliainen J..(2021).Sentinel-1 based soil freeze/thaw estimation in boreal forest environments.Remote Sensing of Environment,254.
MLA	Cohen J.,et al."Sentinel-1 based soil freeze/thaw estimation in boreal forest environments".Remote Sensing of Environment 254(2021).