气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments

CCPortal

DOI	10.1038/s41612-018-0023-y
	Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments
	Kumar P.; Rivas I.; Singh A.P.; Ganesh V.J.; Ananya M.; Frey H.C.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	23973722
卷号	1 期号:1
英文摘要	A significant fraction of daily personal exposure to air pollutants occurs during commuting in transport microenvironments (TMEs). We carried out systematic mobile monitoring on a pre-defined route to assess personal exposure levels of particulate matter (PM) in four TMEs (bus, car, cycle and walk). Measurements were made during morning peak (MP), afternoon off-peak (OP) and evening peak (EP) hours in a typical UK town, Guildford. The objectives were to quantify the real-time exposure to fine and coarse particles, identify the factors influencing their spatiotemporal variation and estimate the respiratory deposition doses (RDD). The mean PM10 concentrations were 90 ± 63, 23 ± 9, 14 ± 17 and 63 ± 76 μg m−3 for bus, car, cycle and walk modes, respectively. The average ratios of PM2.5/PM10 were 0.32, 0.90, 0.67 and 0.36 for bus, car, cycle and car journeys, respectively. The mean concentrations of coarse particles (PM2.5-10) followed the trend: bus > walk > cycle > car. In contrast, mean concentrations of submicron (PM1) and fine particles (PM2.5) were usually high in the car while lowest for cyclists. RDD depend on the physical activity, particle size distribution and thus deposited fraction are not always proportional to the ambient concentration. RDD for coarse particles were largest for the walk mode (56 ± 14 μg h−1), followed by buses (31 ± 2 μg h−1), cycle (12 ± 3 μg h−1) and cars (1.2 ± 0.3 μg h−1). The corresponding RDD of fine particles were comparable for both walk (5.5 ± 0.3 μg h−1) and cycle (5.1 ± 1.2 μg h−1), followed by bus (4.1 ± 0.7 μg h−1) and car (2.0 ± 0.2 μg h−1). Car mode experienced both the least concentrations and RDD for coarse particles. It also had the lowest RDD for fine particles despite high concentrations. Physical activity of car commuters is modest compared with walking and cycling, which makes the rank ordering of RDD different than those of exposure concentrations. Hence the management of commuting exposures should consider potential dose and not just exposure concentration for curtailing adverse health effects related to commuting. RDD for pedestrian and cycle modes were not the lowest among the measured modes but opportunities such as an increased distance between the heavily trafficked roadways and pedestrians/cyclists should be considered in urban planning to reduce potential doses. © 2018, The Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	air quality; atmospheric pollution; commuting; concentration (composition); particle size; particulate matter; physical activity; public transport; size distribution; traffic congestion; England; Guildford; Surrey [England]; United Kingdom
来源期刊	npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/178222
作者单位	Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247 667, India; Department of Civil Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University Saveetha Nagar Thandalam, Chennai, TN 602105, India; Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kumar P.,Rivas I.,Singh A.P.,et al. Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments[J],2018,1(1).
APA	Kumar P.,Rivas I.,Singh A.P.,Ganesh V.J.,Ananya M.,&Frey H.C..(2018).Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments.npj Climate and Atmospheric Science,1(1).
MLA	Kumar P.,et al."Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments".npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 1.1(2018).