气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): El Niño-related tropical land surface water and energy response in MERRA-2

CCPortal

DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0231.1
	El Niño-related tropical land surface water and energy response in MERRA-2
	Bosilovich M.G.; Robertson F.R.; Stackhouse P.W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0894-8755
起始页码	1155
结束页码	1176
卷号	33 期号:3
英文摘要	Although El Niño events each have distinct evolutionary character, they typically provide systematic large-scale forcing for warming and increased drought frequency across the tropical continents. We assess this response in the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis and in a 10-member-model Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) ensemble. The lagged response (3-4 months) of mean tropical land temperature to El Niño warming in the Pacific Ocean is well represented. MERRA-2 reproduces the patterns of precipitation in the tropical regions, and the AMIP ensemble reproduces some regional responses that are similar to those observed and some regions that are not simulating the response well. Model skill is dependent on event forcing strength and temporal proximity to the peak of the sea surface warming. A composite approach centered on maximum Niño-3.4 SSTs and lag relationships to energy fluxes and transports is used to identify mechanisms supporting tropical land warming. The composite necessarily moderates weather-scale variability of the individual events while retaining the systematic features across all events. We find that reduced continental upward motions lead to reduced cloudiness and more shortwave radiation at the surface, as well as reduced precipitation. The increased shortwave heating at the land surface, along with reduced soil moisture, leads to warmer surface temperature, more sensible heating, and warming of the lower troposphere. The composite provides a broad picture of the mechanisms governing the hydrologic response to El Niño forcing, but the regional and temporal responses can vary substantially for any given event. The 2015/16 El Niño, one of the strongest events, demonstrates some of the forced response noted in the composite, but with shifts in the evolution that depart from the composite, demonstrating the limitations of the composite and individuality of El Niño. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Oceanography; Soil moisture; Surface measurement; Tropics; Atmospheric model intercomparison projects; Hydrologic response; Research and application; Retrospective analysis; Short-wave radiation; Surface temperatures; Systematic features; Water and energies; Surface waters; CMIP; El Nino; hydrological response; land surface; precipitation (climatology); sea surface temperature; surface water; tropical region; Pacific Ocean
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/171467
作者单位	Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bosilovich M.G.,Robertson F.R.,Stackhouse P.W.. El Niño-related tropical land surface water and energy response in MERRA-2[J],2020,33(3).
APA	Bosilovich M.G.,Robertson F.R.,&Stackhouse P.W..(2020).El Niño-related tropical land surface water and energy response in MERRA-2.Journal of Climate,33(3).
MLA	Bosilovich M.G.,et al."El Niño-related tropical land surface water and energy response in MERRA-2".Journal of Climate 33.3(2020).