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DOI	10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0606.1
	Understanding hailstone temporal variability and contributing factors over the U.S. Southern great plains
	Jeong J.-H.; Fan J.; Homeyer C.R.; Hou Z.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0894-8755
起始页码	3947
结束页码	3966
卷号	33 期号:10
英文摘要	Hailstones are a natural hazard that pose a significant threat to property and are responsible for significant economic losses each year in the United States. Detailed understanding of their characteristics is essential to mitigate their impact. Identifying the dynamic and physical factors contributing to hail formation and hailstone sizes is of great importance to weather and climate prediction and policymakers. In this study, we have analyzed the temporal and spatial variabilities of severe hail occurrences over the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP) states from 2004 to 2016 using two hail datasets: hail reports from the Storm Prediction Center and the newly developed radar-retrieved maximum expected size of hail (MESH). It is found that severe and significant severe hail occurrences have a considerable year-to-year temporal variability in the SGP region. The interannual variabilities have a strong correspondence with sea surface temperature anomalies over the northern Gulf of Mexico and there is no outlier. The year 2016 is identified as an outlier for the correlations with both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and aerosol loading. The correlations with ENSO and aerosol loading are not statistically robust to inclusion of the outlier 2016. Statistical analysis without the outlier 2016 shows that 1) aerosols that may be mainly from northern Mexico have the largest correlation with hail interannual variability among the three factors and 2) meteorological covariation does not significantly contribute to the high correlation. These analyses warrant further investigations of aerosol impacts on hail occurrence. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
英文关键词	Aerosols; Atmospheric pressure; Climatology; Losses; Oceanography; Statistics; Surface waters; Weather forecasting; Contributing factor; Interannual variability; Northern Gulf of Mexico; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Southern great plains; Southern oscillation; Temporal and spatial variability; Temporal variability; Precipitation (meteorology); aerosol; annual variation; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; hail; sea surface temperature; spatial variation; temperature anomaly; temporal variation; Atlantic Ocean; Great Plains; Gulf of Mexico; United States
语种	英语
来源期刊	Journal of Climate
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/171304
作者单位	Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jeong J.-H.,Fan J.,Homeyer C.R.,et al. Understanding hailstone temporal variability and contributing factors over the U.S. Southern great plains[J],2020,33(10).
APA	Jeong J.-H.,Fan J.,Homeyer C.R.,&Hou Z..(2020).Understanding hailstone temporal variability and contributing factors over the U.S. Southern great plains.Journal of Climate,33(10).
MLA	Jeong J.-H.,et al."Understanding hailstone temporal variability and contributing factors over the U.S. Southern great plains".Journal of Climate 33.10(2020).