气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic; Atlantic; Pacific and Southern oceans

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-15191-2020
	Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic; Atlantic; Pacific and Southern oceans
	Keith Bigg E.; J. Demott P.; Gong X.; Hartmann M.; Harvey M.; Henning S.; Herenz P.; C. J. Hill T.; Hornblow B.; Leck C.; Löffler M.; S. McCluskey C.; Marie Rauker A.; Schmale J.; Tatzelt C.; Van Pinxteren M.; Stratmann F.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	15191
结束页码	15206
卷号	20 期号:23
英文摘要	Ambient concentrations of ice-forming particles measured during ship expeditions are collected and summarised with the aim of determining the spatial distribution and variability in ice nuclei in oceanic regions. The presented data from literature and previously unpublished data from over 23 months of ship-based measurements stretch from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean and include a circumnavigation of Antarctica. In comparison to continental observations, ship-based measurements of ambient ice nuclei show 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower mean concentrations. To quantify the geographical variability in oceanic areas, the concentration range of potential ice nuclei in different climate zones is analysed by meridionally dividing the expedition tracks into tropical, temperate and polar climate zones. We find that concentrations of ice nuclei in these meridional zones follow temperature spectra with similar slopes but vary in absolute concentration. Typically, the frequency with which specific concentrations of ice nuclei are observed at a certain temperature follows a log-normal distribution. A consequence of the log-normal distribution is that the mean concentration is higher than the most frequently measured concentration. Finally, the potential contribution of ship exhaust to the measured ice nuclei concentration on board research vessels is analysed as function of temperature. We find a sharp onset of the influence at approximately 36 C but none at warmer temperatures that could bias ship-based measurements. © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
英文关键词	comparative study; concentration (composition); ice crystal; research vessel; sea ice; shipborne measurement; spatial distribution; spatial variation; Antarctica; Arctic Ocean; Southern Ocean
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168903
作者单位	Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Elanora HeightsNSW, Australia; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Braunschweig, Germany; National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand; BLAKE-NIWA Ambassador Programme, National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Keith Bigg E.,J. Demott P.,Gong X.,et al. Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic; Atlantic; Pacific and Southern oceans[J],2020,20(23).
APA	Keith Bigg E..,J. Demott P..,Gong X..,Hartmann M..,Harvey M..,...&Stratmann F..(2020).Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic; Atlantic; Pacific and Southern oceans.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,20(23).
MLA	Keith Bigg E.,et al."Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic; Atlantic; Pacific and Southern oceans".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20.23(2020).