气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-15551-2020
	Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest
	Ramsay R.; Di Marco C.F.; Sörgel M.; Heal M.R.; Carbone S.; Artaxo P.; De Araùjo A.C.; Sá M.; Pöhlker C.; Lavric J.; Andreae M.O.; Nemitz E.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	15551
结束页码	15584
卷号	20 期号:24
英文摘要	The Amazon rainforest presents a unique, natural laboratory for the study of surface atmosphere interactions. Its alternation between a near-pristine marine-influenced atmosphere during the wet season and a vulnerable system affected by periodic intrusions of anthropogenic pollution during the dry season provides an opportunity to investigate some fundamental aspects of boundary-layer chemical processes. This study presents the first simultaneous hourly measurements of concentrations, fluxes, and deposition velocities of the inorganic trace gases NH3, HCl, HONO, HNO3, and SO2 as well as their water-soluble aerosol counterparts NHC 4 , Cl, NO2 , NO3 and SO2 4 over the Amazon. Species concentrations were measured in the dry season (from 6 October to 5 November 2017), at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in Brazil, using a two-point gradient wet-chemistry instrument (GRadient of AErosols and Gases Online Registration, GRAEGOR) sampling at 42 and 60 m. Fluxes and deposition velocities were derived from the concentration gradients using a modified form of the aerodynamic gradient method corrected for measurement within the roughness sublayer. Findings from this campaign include observations of elevated concentrations of NH3 and SO2 partially driven by long-range transport (LRT) episodes of pollution and the substantial influence of coarse Cl and NO3 particulate on overall aerosol mass burdens. From the flux measurements, the dry season budget of total reactive nitrogen dry deposition at the ATTO site was estimated as 2:9 kg Nha1 a1. HNO3 and HCl were deposited continuously at a rate close to the aerodynamic limit. SO2 was deposited with an average daytime surface resistance (Rc) of 28 sm1, whilst aerosol components showed average surface deposition velocities of 2.8 and 2.7mms1 for SO2 4 and NHC 4 , respectively. Deposition rates of NO3 and Cl were higher at 7.1 and 7.8mms1, respectively, reflecting their larger average size. The exchange of NH3 and HONO was bidirectional, with NH3 showing emission episodes in the afternoon and HONO in the early morning hours. This work provides a unique dataset to test and improve dry deposition schemes for these compounds for tropical rainforest, which have typically been developed by interpolation from conditions in temperate environments. A future campaign should focus on making similar measurements in the wet season in order to provide a complete view of the annual pattern of inorganic trace gas and coarse aerosol biosphere atmosphere exchange over tropical rainforest. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	aerosol; atmosphere-biosphere interaction; atmospheric chemistry; concentration (composition); dry deposition; rainforest; trace gas; tropical forest; Amazonia
语种	英语
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/168883
作者单位	UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom; Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany; Federal University of Uberlândia, Agrarian Sciences Institute, Uberlândia MG, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Belèm-PA, CEP 66095-100, Brazil; Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil; Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Department Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San diego, CA, United States; NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility, Jame...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ramsay R.,Di Marco C.F.,Sörgel M.,et al. Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest[J],2020,20(24).
APA	Ramsay R..,Di Marco C.F..,Sörgel M..,Heal M.R..,Carbone S..,...&Nemitz E..(2020).Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,20(24).
MLA	Ramsay R.,et al."Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20.24(2020).