气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming

CCPortal

DOI	10.1038/s41893-018-0138-5
	The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming
	Balmford A.; Amano T.; Bartlett H.; Chadwick D.; Collins A.; Edwards D.; Field R.; Garnsworthy P.; Green R.; Smith P.; Waters H.; Whitmore A.; Broom D.M.; Chara J.; Finch T.; Garnett E.; Gathorne-Hardy A.; Hernandez-Medrano J.; Herrero M.; Hua F.; Latawiec A.; Misselbrook T.; Phalan B.; Simmons B.I.; Takahashi T.; Vause J.; zu Ermgassen E.; Eisner R.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	2398-9629
起始页码	477
结束页码	485
卷号	1 期号:9
英文摘要	How we manage farming and food systems to meet rising demand is pivotal to the future of biodiversity. Extensive field data suggest that impacts on wild populations would be greatly reduced through boosting yields on existing farmland so as to spare remaining natural habitats. High-yield farming raises other concerns because expressed per unit area it can generate high levels of externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses. However, such metrics underestimate the overall impacts of lower-yield systems. Here we develop a framework that instead compares externality and land costs per unit production. We apply this framework to diverse data sets that describe the externalities of four major farm sectors and reveal that, rather than involving trade-offs, the externality and land costs of alternative production systems can covary positively: per unit production, land-efficient systems often produce lower externalities. For greenhouse gas emissions, these associations become more strongly positive once forgone sequestration is included. Our conclusions are limited: remarkably few studies report externalities alongside yields; many important externalities and farming systems are inadequately measured; and realizing the environmental benefits of high-yield systems typically requires additional measures to limit farmland expansion. Nevertheless, our results suggest that trade-offs among key cost metrics are not as ubiquitous as sometimes perceived. © 2018, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Commerce; Cost benefit analysis; Costs; Economic and social effects; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Population statistics; Sustainable development; Alternative production systems; Diverse data sets; Environmental benefits; Environmental costs; Farming system; Natural habitat; Nutrient loss; Wild populations; Farms
来源期刊	Nature Sustainability
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/163037
作者单位	Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom; Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; CIPAV, Centre for Research on Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems, Cali, Colombia; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Se...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Balmford A.,Amano T.,Bartlett H.,et al. The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming[J],2018,1(9).
APA	Balmford A..,Amano T..,Bartlett H..,Chadwick D..,Collins A..,...&Eisner R..(2018).The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming.Nature Sustainability,1(9).
MLA	Balmford A.,et al."The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming".Nature Sustainability 1.9(2018).