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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.010
	Characteristics of gaseous and particulate ammonia and their role in the formation of secondary inorganic particulate matter at Delhi; India
	Saraswati; Sharma S.K.; Saxena M.; Mandal T.K.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0169-8095
起始页码	34
结束页码	49
卷号	218
英文摘要	Chemical characteristics of ambient ammonia (NH3), other trace gases (NO, NO2, SO2, and HNO3) and ionic species (NH4 +, SO4 2−, NO3 − and Cl− etc.,) of PM2.5 were estimated from January 2013 to December 2015 at an urban site of Delhi, India to evaluate the role of ambient NH3 in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols over Delhi. The average mixing ratios of ambient NH3, NO, NO2, SO2 and HNO3 were recorded as 19.6 ± 3.5 (ppb), 20.4 ± 6.2 (ppb), 19.7 ± 5.3 (ppb), 1.7 ± 0.5 (ppb) and 1.2 ± 0.3 (ppb), respectively during the entire study period. The mixing ratios of NH3, other trace gases (SO2, NO and NO2) and ionic species of PM2.5 were recorded higher during winter season (except HNO3). The result reveals that the increased relative humidity (RH) during winter season plays a major role in the formation of NH4 + aerosol over the observational site of Delhi. The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ionic components (WSIC) in PM2.5 was 69.1 ± 38.1 μg m−3 accounting for ~60% of PM2.5 concentration. The secondary aerosol components i.e. NH4 +, SO4 2−, NO3 − and Cl− shared the largest part of the total water soluble ions (61%) and PM2.5 concentration (36%). Among the secondary inorganic aerosol components in PM2.5, SO4 2− was the most abundant component followed by NO3 − and Cl−. Ion balance and molar equivalent ratios indicated that the sufficient amount of NH4 + was available to neutralize SO4 2−, NO3 − and Cl− in the winter season followed by summer and monsoon seasons. The formation of NH4NO3 was higher in winter due to low temperature and high humid conditions that drives the reaction between NH3 and HNO3 in forward direction. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Ion-balance; Mixing ratio; Precursor gases; Seasonal variation; Trace gases
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aerosols; Gases; Ions; Mixing; Nitric acid; Nitrogen oxides; Temperature; Urban growth; Annual average concentration; Chemical characteristic; Inorganic particulates; Ion balance; Mixing ratios; Seasonal variation; Secondary inorganic aerosol; Trace-gases; Ammonia; aerosol; ammonia; ion; mixing ratio; particulate matter; relative humidity; seasonal variation; trace gas; Delhi; India
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/162212
作者单位	Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India; Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi, 110 003, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Saraswati,Sharma S.K.,Saxena M.,et al. Characteristics of gaseous and particulate ammonia and their role in the formation of secondary inorganic particulate matter at Delhi; India[J],2019,218.
APA	Saraswati,Sharma S.K.,Saxena M.,&Mandal T.K..(2019).Characteristics of gaseous and particulate ammonia and their role in the formation of secondary inorganic particulate matter at Delhi; India.Atmospheric Research,218.
MLA	Saraswati,et al."Characteristics of gaseous and particulate ammonia and their role in the formation of secondary inorganic particulate matter at Delhi; India".Atmospheric Research 218(2019).