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| DOI | 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060610 |
| Arctic and antarctic sea ice change: Contrasts; commonalities; and causes | |
| Maksym T. | |
| 发表日期 | 2019 |
| ISSN | 1941-1405 |
| 起始页码 | 187 |
| 结束页码 | 213 |
| 卷号 | 11 |
| 英文摘要 | Arctic sea ice has declined precipitously in both extent and thickness over the past four decades; by contrast, Antarctic sea ice has shown little overall change, but this masks large regional variability. Climate models have not captured these changes. But these differences do not represent a paradox. The processes governing, and impacts of, natural variability and human-induced changes differ markedly at the poles largely because of the ways in which differences in geography control the properties of and interactions among the atmosphere, ice, and ocean. The impact of natural variability on the ice cover is large at both poles, so modeled ice trends are not entirely inconsistent with contributions from both natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. Despite this concurrence, the coupling of natural climate variability, climate feedbacks, and sea ice is not well understood, and significant biases remain in model representations of the ice cover and the processes that drive it. © Copyright 2019 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. |
| 英文关键词 | Antarctic; Arctic; climate; satellite; sea ice |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| scopus关键词 | Climate models; Poles; Satellites; Sea ice; Antarctic; Anthropogenic forcing; Arctic; climate; Model representation; Natural climate variabilities; Natural variability; Regional variability; Ice control; anthropogenic effect; climate change; climate variation; ice cover; ice thickness; satellite data; sea ice; Antarctica; Arctic Ocean; Antarctica; Arctic; atmosphere; climate change; ice cover; theoretical model; Antarctic Regions; Arctic Regions; Atmosphere; Climate Change; Ice Cover; Models, Theoretical |
| 来源期刊 | Annual Review of Marine Science
 |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/161959 |
| 作者单位 | Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Maksym T.. Arctic and antarctic sea ice change: Contrasts; commonalities; and causes[J],2019,11. |
| APA | Maksym T..(2019).Arctic and antarctic sea ice change: Contrasts; commonalities; and causes.Annual Review of Marine Science,11. |
| MLA | Maksym T.."Arctic and antarctic sea ice change: Contrasts; commonalities; and causes".Annual Review of Marine Science 11(2019). |
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