气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.1914221117
	Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines
	Huang J.; Gates A.J.; Sinatra R.; Barabási A.-L.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	4609
结束页码	4616
卷号	117 期号:9
英文摘要	There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in academia suggesting that women are underrepresented in most scientific disciplines and publish fewer articles throughout a career, and their work acquires fewer citations. Here, we offer a comprehensive picture of longitudinal gender differences in performance through a bibliometric analysis of academic publishing careers by reconstructing the complete publication history of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines. We find that, paradoxically, the increase of participation of women in science over the past 60 years was accompanied by an increase of gender differences in both productivity and impact. Most surprisingly, though, we uncover two gender invariants, finding that men and women publish at a comparable annual rate and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same size body of work. Finally, we demonstrate that differences in publishing career lengths and dropout rates explain a large portion of the reported career-wise differences in productivity and impact, although productivity differences still remain. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academia can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women's careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Gender inequality; Science of science; Scientific careers; STEM
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; article; body size; career; conversation; female; human; male; productivity; publishing; sex difference; academic success; career mobility; mathematics; middle aged; personnel; publication; science; sexism; university; writing; Academic Success; Adult; Authorship; Career Mobility; Faculty; Female; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged; Periodicals as Topic; Research Personnel; Science; Sexism; Workforce
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/161041
作者单位	Huang, J., Network Science Institute, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States, CompleX Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China, Paul and Marcia Wythes Center on Contemporary China, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States; Gates, A.J., Network Science Institute, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Sinatra, R., Department of Computer Science, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark, ISI Foundation, Turin, 10126, Italy; Barabási, A.-L., Network Science Institute, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Department of Network an...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Huang J.,Gates A.J.,Sinatra R.,et al. Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines[J],2020,117(9).
APA	Huang J.,Gates A.J.,Sinatra R.,&Barabási A.-L..(2020).Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(9).
MLA	Huang J.,et al."Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.9(2020).