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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1918100117
	Darwin's naturalization conundrum can be explained by spatial scale
	Park D.S.; Feng X.; Maitner B.S.; Ernst K.C.; Enquist B.J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	10904
结束页码	10910
卷号	117 期号:20
英文摘要	Darwin proposed two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding factors influencing the outcome of biological invasions. He initially posited that nonnative species closely related to native species would be more likely to successfully establish, because they might share adaptations to the local environment (preadaptation hypothesis). However, based on observations that the majority of naturalized plant species in the United States belonged to nonnative genera, he concluded that the lack of competitive exclusion would facilitate the establishment of alien invaders phylogenetically distinct from the native flora (competition-relatedness hypothesis). To date, no consensus has been reached regarding these opposing hypotheses. Here, following Darwin, we use the flora of the United States to examine patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic relatedness between native and nonnative taxa across thousands of nested locations ranging in size and extent, from local to regional scales. We find that the probability of observing the signature of environmental filtering over that of competition increases with spatial scale. Further, native and nonnative species tended to be less related in warm, humid environments. Our work provides an empirical assessment of the role of observation scale and climate in biological invasions and demonstrates that Darwin's two opposing hypotheses need not be mutually exclusive. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Biological invasions; Competition; Darwin's naturalization hypothesis; Environmental filtering; Spatial resolution
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; climate; competition; consensus; filtration; flora; introduced species; nonhuman; probability; species invasion; United States; adaptation; biological model; evolution; forest; genetic selection; phylogeny; plant; plant development; plant physiology; species difference; Adaptation, Physiological; Biological Evolution; Forests; Models, Biological; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Selection, Genetic; Species Specificity; United States
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160955
作者单位	Park, D.S., Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Feng, X., Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Maitner, B.S., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Ernst, K.C., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Enquist, B.J., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Park D.S.,Feng X.,Maitner B.S.,et al. Darwin's naturalization conundrum can be explained by spatial scale[J],2020,117(20).
APA	Park D.S.,Feng X.,Maitner B.S.,Ernst K.C.,&Enquist B.J..(2020).Darwin's naturalization conundrum can be explained by spatial scale.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(20).
MLA	Park D.S.,et al."Darwin's naturalization conundrum can be explained by spatial scale".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.20(2020).