气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2013744117
	Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality
	Gross J.; Böhm R.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	29202
结束页码	29211
卷号	117 期号:46
英文摘要	Humans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or healthcare. However, cooperation invites free-riding and can easily break down. Maybe because of this reason, societies also enable individuals to solve shared problems individually, like in the case of private healthcare plans or private retirement planning. Such “self-reliance” allows individuals to avoid problems related to public goods provision, like free-riding or underprovision, and decreases social interdependence. However, not everyone can equally afford to be self-reliant, and amid shared problems, self-reliance may lead to conflicts within groups on how to solve shared problems. In two preregistered studies, we investigate how the ability of self-reliance influences collective action and cooperation. We show that self-reliance crowds out cooperation and exacerbates inequality, especially when some heavily depend on collective action while others do not. However, we also show that groups are willing to curtail their ability of self-reliance. When given the opportunity, groups overwhelmingly vote in favor of abolishing individual solutions to shared problems, which, in turn, increases cooperation and decreases inequality, particularly between group members that differ in their ability to be self-reliant. The support for such endogenously imposed interdependence, however, reduces when individual solutions become more affordable, resonating with findings of increased individualism in wealthier societies and suggesting a link between wealth inequality and favoring individual independence and freedom over communalism and interdependence. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Cooperation \| social dilemma \| interdependence \| endogenous choice \| individualism
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; article; female; human; human experiment; individuality; male; organization; retirement
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160722
作者单位	Gross, J., Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands; Böhm, R., Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark, Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gross J.,Böhm R.. Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality[J],2020,117(46).
APA	Gross J.,&Böhm R..(2020).Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(46).
MLA	Gross J.,et al."Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.46(2020).